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Biology Paper 2 > Revision > Flashcards

Revision Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main things that need to be balanced in Homeostasis

A

Water content
Ions
Body Temperature
Blood Glucose Concentration

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2
Q

What is the role of the kidneys

A

They filter out small molecules from the blood, water, salts, glucose and urea

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3
Q

How is urine made

A

Urea and some water and some salts are reabsorbed by the blood and what is left is stored in the Bladder

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4
Q

What does the thermal regulatory centre in the brain do?

A

Controls our body temperature

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5
Q

How do receptors help us in homeostasis?

A

They can detect what the conditions are outside and tell the Thermal Regulatory Centre in the brain to respond

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6
Q

What is an effect of really high temperatures?

A

Heatstroke
Dehydration

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7
Q

What is an effect of really cold temperatures

A

Hyperthermia

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8
Q

What controls glucose levels

A

The Pancreas

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9
Q

What does the pancreas produce?

A

Insulin

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10
Q

What does insulin do?

A

Makes the glucose to be stored in your cells when your blood glucose levels are too high

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11
Q

What is a store if glucose called?

A

Glycogen

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12
Q

What happens in Type 1 diabetes

A

The body does not produce enough insulin so the person needs it to be injected

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13
Q

What happens in Type 2

A

Exercise and looking after your diet can combat Type 2 diabetes

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14
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The maintaining of your body levels

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15
Q

How long does a period last?

A

About 28 days

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16
Q

What happens during a period?

A

A Follicle Stimulating Hormone is produced causing and egg to mature in the ovaries

17
Q

What produces FSH

A

The pituitary gland
And it happens at the beginning of the period

18
Q

What is produced in the overies

A

Oestrogen
Around 4-5 days into the period

19
Q

What does Oestrogen do?

A

Causes the lining of the uterus to grow
Stimulates the release of LH

20
Q

LH (Luteinising Hormone)

A

13-15 days
Releases an Egg
Produced by Pituitary Gland

21
Q

Propesterone

A

When Progesterone falls lining breaks down
This is only if the egg isn’t fertilised

22
Q

When does the lining of the uterus get thicker?

A

When the egg can be fertilised

23
Q

Urea is produced in the liver by the breakdown of excess

A

Amino acids

24
Q

What is a Stimulus

A

A change outside

25
Q

What are the parts of the eye?

A

Cornea
Pupil
Lens
Ciliary muscles
Suspensory ligament
Retina
Sclera

26
Q

How does ADH help reduce water loss?

A
  • Higher conc of blood causes mire ADH
  • ADH causes increased permeability of kidney tubules
  • Increased Water reabsorption
27
Q

What is a kidney Transplant?

A

The only cure for Kidney Failure

28
Q

What are the pros of Kidney Transplants?

A

Cheaper (long term)
Only cure

29
Q

What are the cons of Kidney Transplants?

A

Long waiting list
The new kidney could be rejected by the body

30
Q

What is a dialysis?

A

A machine that keeps the concentrations of dissolved substances at normal levels

31
Q

What are the cons of dialysis?

A

Expensive for the NHS
Not a pleasant experience
Can cause blood clots or infection

32
Q

What are the pros of Dialysis?

A

Can buy time until an organ donor is found
Helps filter out the waste substances from the blood

Biology Paper 2 (5 decks)

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