Revision Flashcards
What nerves supply the external oblique muscles?
Lower intercostal nerves (ventral rami T7-T11) and subcostal nerve
What nerves supply the internal oblique muscles?
Lower intercostal nerves (ventral rami T7-T11), subcostal nerve and L1
What nerves supply the transverse abdominus muscles?
Lower intercostal nerves, subcostal nerve and L1
What nerves supply the rectus abdominus muscles?
Lower intercostal nerves
What is the action of the internal and external oblique muscles?
Flex and rotate trunk
What is the action of the transverse abdominus muscles?
Compress and support abdominal viscera
What is the action of the rectus abdominus muscles?
Flexes trunk and tilts pelvis
What is the rectus sheath composed of?
Aponeuroses of transverse abdominus, internal oblique and external oblique
Above the level of the arcuate line, which layers of the aponeurosis pass in front of the rectus muscles?
External oblique and half of the internal oblique
What is the action of psoas major?
Flexion at hip joint
What are the contents of the male inguinal canal?
Spermatic cord
Ilio-inguinal ligament
Blood and lymph
What are the contents of the female inguinal canal?
Round ligament of uterus
Ilio-inguinal ligament
Blood and lymph
The anterior wall of the inguinal canal is formed by the aponeurosis of which muscle?
External oblique
Abdominal contents pushing through a weak spot in the posterior wall of the inguinal canal is called?
Direct hernia
A congenital weakness in the deep inguinal ring which abdominal contents pass through results in?
Indirect hernia
Which type of peritoneum is sensitive to pain?
Parietal
Name the retroperitoneal organs
Pancreas (except tail)
Kidneys
Ascending colon
Descending colon
Name the intraperitoneal organs
Spleen Stomach Jejenum Ileum Transverse colon Sigmoid colon
At what vertebral level does the celiac trunk emerge from the abdominal aorta?
T12
At what vertebral level does the SMA emerge from the abdominal aorta?
L1
At what vertebral level do the renal arteries emerge from the abdominal aorta?
L2
At what vertebral level does the IMA emerge from the abdominal aorta?
L3
At what vertebral level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate to form the 2 common iliac arteries?
L4
At what vertebral level do the common iliac arteries bifurcate to form the external and internal iliac arteries?
L5
What arteries does the celiac trunk give off?
Common hepatic artery
Left gastric artery
Splenic artery
Which part of the gut is supplied by the celiac trunk?
The foregut
Which part of the gut is supplied by the SMA?
The midgut
Which part of the gut is supplied by the IMA?
Hindgut
At what vertebral level does the oesophagus pass through the diaphragm and which other structures pass through with it?
T10
Vagus nerve
Left inferior phrenic vessels
What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?
Controls flow of chyme between pylorus of stomach and duodenum
Which layer of the stomach forms rugae?
Mucosa
Which ligament separates the right and left lobes of the liver?
Falciform ligament
The ligamentum teres is the remnant of which embryological structure?
Left fetal umbilical vein
The hepatic portal vein is formed by the union of which 2 vessels?
Superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein
What structures are present at the porta hepatis on the posterior surface of liver?
Hepatic artery
Hepatic portal vein
Common hepatic duct
Name the duct that is formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct
Common bile duct
Where is bile produced?
Liver
Where is bile stored?
Gallbladder
What is the surface marking of the gallbladder?
9th costal cartilage at the midclavicular line on the right hand side
What is the surface marking of the spleen?
Lies obliquely along the axis of the 10th rib