Revision Flashcards
(37 cards)
What are the four T’s that cause reversible cardiac arrest?
- Tamponade
- Tension Pneumothorax
- Thrombosis (P & C)
- Toxins
What are the four H’s that cause reversible cardiac arrest?
- Hypoxia
- Hypovolaemia
- Hyper/Hypothermia
- Hyper/hypokalaemia
What does the COACHED stand for?
C- Continue compressions O- Oxygen away A- All Others Clear C- Charging defibrillator H- Hands off E- Evaluate Rhythm D- Defibrillate or Dump Charge
What are the 5 links in the chain of survival?
- Early Recognition
- Early CPR
- Early Defibrillation
- Early Advanced Life Support
- Early Post Arrest Care
What does WIPER mean?
Wash Hands/ Gloves/ Alco prep Introduction and Consent Position Patient Correctly Expose pt as required Right position for practitioner
Time Critical Considerations:
Right Care:
- Presenting with life threatening condition?
- Likely to develop life threatening condition if a key intervention is delayed?
Right time:
- what key intervention is needed? Who can provide it?
- decide to load and go or stay and play
Right Place:
- where can key intervention be implemented?
- minimise delays and provide sit rep
What are some of the time critical red flags?
Life threatening haemorrhage Airway Obstruction Cardiac Arrest Anaphylaxis Asthma with silent chest Unresponsive patient (altered LOC) Generalised seizure Likely to deteriorate?
Obstetric Severe poisoning Fever with lethargy Chest pain Eye injuries CVA/ sudden onset headache/ neuro deficit Envenomation
What is the NEXUS criteria?
low-risk criteria for cervical spine fracture. Radiology required for trauma unless meet all of the criteria determine if spinal precautions:
- No posterior mid-line cervical tenderness
- No evidence of intoxication
- Normal level of alertness
- No focal neurological deficit
- No painful, distracting injuries: long bone fracture, burn, de-gloving injury
What should you include in a sit rep to comms and report to the hospital?
Age and sex of pt
MOI/ Medical complaint
Injuries/ info relating to complaint
Select signs and symptoms
If back up is required and what sort of back up (clinical management, extrication, specialised equip etc)
hospital: treatment given, trends, ETA, confirm can accept
What are the steps to fitting a cervical collar?
Prior to application: pt advised of intervention and consent obtained.
Immediate manual immobilisation
gather equipment
Removal of necklaces and earrings if required
- Gently align pts head to neutral anatomical position
- Measure base of chin to suprasternal notch
- select appropriate size, comparing pt neck to collar width
- slide collar under pts neck until velco strap clearly visible
- Wrap and velcro collar in place
reassess pt post intervention
sustain manual immobilisation
What are the 5 P’s you should check when managing a suspected fracture? When should you check them?
- Pain
- Pulse
- Paralysis
- Parasthesia
- Pallor
Check before and after splinting and then regularly
What is PILSDUCT used for and what does it stand for?
What to look for if suspected fracture
Pain Irregularity Loss of function Swelling Deformity Unnatural position Crepitus Tenderness
What is hypoxaemia?
Low partial pressure of oxygen in the blood
What is hypoxia?
when oxygen supplies are lower than oxygen demand in any compartment
What is the average atmospheric air pressure?
760mmHg
What happens when the diaphragm contracts?
the volume of the lungs increases and the pressure decreases to around 757mmHg
What happens when the diaphragm relaxes?
The volume of the lungs decreases and the pressure increases to around 763mmHg
What is responsible for detecting low oxygen and high carbon dioxide levels in the blood? where are these located?
Chemoreceptors containing glomus cells, in the carotid and aortic body
Where are the respiratory centres located?
In the Pons and medulla
What are wheezing sounds of the lung associated with?
Asthma and COPD
What is stridor associated with?
Upper airway obstruction
What are course crackles associated with?
Pneumonia and pulmonary oedema
What are fine crackles associated with?
pulmonary fibrosis
The study of the interaction between a drug and it’s molecular target, and the pharmacological response (what the drug does to the body) is what?
Pharmacodynamics
