Revision For Exam

Question 1

How do igneous rocks form?

Answer 1

Through crystallisation of molten magma as it cools through a range of temperatures.

Question 2

What is a normal fault in regards to sedimentary rock?

Answer 2

A fault produced by stretching

Question 3

What is a reverse fault in regards to sedimentary rock?

Answer 3

Fault produced by compression

Question 4

What does UC represent?

Answer 4

Unconformity

Evidence of a considerable time gap between two sets of strata that are in contact

Question 5

What does the necleus of an atom contains?

Answer 5

Protons

Neutrons

Question 6

What type of charge do protons and neutrons have?

Answer 6

Positive

Question 7

What are electrons? Where are they positioned?

Answer 7

They are the negatively charged shells that sit around the nucleus

Question 8

How many electrons are arranged in the first band of shells outside the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 8

2

Question 9

How many electrons are arranged in the second band of shells outside the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 9

8

Question 10

How many electrons are arranged in the third band of shells outside the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 10

18

Question 11

Do protons, neutrons and electrons have the same mass?

Answer 11

No protons and neutrons do but electrons are much smaller

Question 12

What is the atomic number?

Answer 12

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 13

How much is 1 mol?

Answer 13

6.02 x 10^23

Question 14

What is the molar mass of a substance?

Answer 14

It is when you convert the relative formula (or molecular mass) into grams

Question 15

What is the mass of 1 mol of hydrogen atoms?

Answer 15

The relative atomic mass of hydrogen is 1.01, so the molar mass is 1.01 g mol-1
So 1 mole of hydrogen atoms has a mass of 1.01 g

Question 16

What’s the total number of bonds a carbon atom can have?

Answer 16

4

Question 17

How many bonds does oxygen like to form?

Answer 17

2

Question 18

How many bonds does nitrogen like to form?

Answer 18

3

Question 19

What are areas above sea level called?

Answer 19

Topography

Question 20

What are the areas below sea level called?

Answer 20

Bathymetry

Question 21

How many continents is the area above sea level divided in to?

Answer 21

7

Question 22

What are the 7 continents?

Answer 22

Africa
Europe
Asia
Australasia
Antarctica 
North America
South America

Question 23

What is the highest land elevation?

Answer 23

Mount Everest

8800 m

Question 24

What is the lowest point on Earth?

Answer 24

420 m below sea level near Israel

Question 25

What percentage of Earth is covered by water?

Answer 25

70%

Question 26

Where do most earthquakes form?

Answer 26

Along faults (breaks in the earths crust) which are linear features from above but project underground

Question 27

What Is the exposed portion of a fault plane called? (After an earthquake)

Answer 27

Fault scarp

Question 28

What is the focus of an earthquake?

Answer 28

It is the point of first motion on the fault plane which releases seismic waves

Question 29

What is the epicentre?

Answer 29

It is the point in the earths surface above the focus that experience disruption

Question 30

What reads seismic waves?

Answer 30

Seismometer

Question 31

What records the reading of seismic waves?

Answer 31

Seismograph

Question 32

What are the three types of seismic waves?

Answer 32

Body waves | Surface waves

Question 33

What are body waves?

Answer 33

Seismic waves that travel through the Earth

Question 34

What are surface waves?

Answer 34

Seismic waves that travel over the earths surface

Question 35

What are the two types of body waves?

Answer 35

P waves (for primary) Compressions and dilatations (Like a slinky) ``` S waves (secondary/shear) Side to side motion ```

Question 36

What is the fastest seismic wave?

Answer 36

P waves

Question 37

What is the slowest seismic wave?

Answer 37

S wave

Question 38

What waves tend to cause the most destruction?

Answer 38

S WAVES

Question 39

How can the earth be divide in to separate layers?

Answer 39

The crust The mantle The core

Question 40

What are the different parts of the mantle of the earth called and describe what they are like?

Answer 40

Lithosphere - (not including the crust) the upper layer of the mantle Asthenosphere - solid layer that deforms in a plastic fashion

Question 41

Is the core solid of liquid?

Answer 41

It has a solid inner part and liquid outer part

Question 42

How do the different physical properties affect the speed at which seismic waves travel?

Answer 42

Just as waves travel quicker through air than water ... the same is for seismic waves

Question 43

What inner part of the earth makes up the greatest proportion?

Answer 43

The mantle

Question 44

What part of the earth is the crust made up of ?

Answer 44

The lithosphere

Question 45

What moves relative to the earths interior?

Answer 45

The crust and the lithosphere

Question 46

How thick is the lithosphere?

Answer 46

Around 100k but this varies

Question 47

What is focal depth?

Answer 47

How deep underground an earthquake takes place

Question 48

What is considered shallow focal depth?

Answer 48

<70 km | White dots

Question 49

What is considered intermediate focal depth?

Answer 49

70-300 km | Salmon pink

Question 50

What is considered deep focal depth?

Answer 50

>300 km depth | Deep red

Question 51

What are the two types of earthquake distribution?

Answer 51

Abundance of deep focal depth earthquakes occur on some belts and on others only shallow This is due to the tectonic boundary motion of the plates

Question 52

What are volcanoes?

Answer 52

They are places on Earth where molten rock reach the surface They vary in shapes and size and activity

Question 53

Where do volcanoes occur?

Answer 53

Usually along plate boundaries in belts, but some do occur in he middle of plates

Question 54

Where does the most voltaic activity occur?

Answer 54

Under water in the ridges

Question 55

What is the name for when two tectonic plates move away from each other?

Answer 55

Diverge

Question 56

What is the name for when two tectonic plates move together?

Answer 56

Converge

Question 57

What does it mean when two tectonic plates are conservative?

Answer 57

They neither diverge or converge they move alongside each other

Question 58

What is weathering?

Answer 58

It is the term we use for the break of all rocks at earths surface due to the earths elements

Question 59

What is an ecosystem?

Answer 59

A community of living organisms all interacting with each other and no living components in the environment

Question 60

What are the three types of ecosystems?

Answer 60

Terrestrial Marine Freshwater

Question 61

Give some examples of terrestrial ecosystems ?

Answer 61

Tropical rainforest, grasslands, deserts, tundra and temperate deciduous forests

Question 62

Give some examples of marine ecosystems?

Answer 62

Mangroves Coral reefs Deep sea Intertidal zones

Question 63

Give some examples of freshwater ecosystems?

Answer 63

``` Ponds Rivers Streams Lakes Springs Wetlands ```

Question 64

What is a phenotype?

Answer 64

Features or traits such as behaviour and external physical features

Question 65

List the food web from primary producer and up

Answer 65

``` Primary producer Primary consumer Secondary consumer Tertiary consumer Quantenary consumer ```