Revision Med Year 1 Flashcards

(52 cards)

1
Q

Tetrahedral hybridisation

A

Sp3

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2
Q

Planar hybridisation

A

Sp2

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3
Q

Linear hybridisation

A

Sp

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4
Q

Hydrogen hybridisation and shape

A

s & sphere

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5
Q

What is the hybridisation of benzene

A

sp2

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6
Q

How many sigma and pi bonds are in a double bond

A

1 sigma

1 pi

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7
Q

How many sigma and pi bonds are in a triple bond

A

1 sigma and 2 pi

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8
Q

Which orbital overlap create a pi bond

A

P orbitals

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9
Q

Write down the confirmations of butane from most to least stable

A

Anti-staggered

Gauche staggered

Eclipse

Syn eclipsed

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10
Q

What does E and Z mean

A

E - enemies so opp sides

Z- ze same side

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11
Q

Equation for calculating specific optical rotation

A

[a] = a/cl

concentration = g/ml 
Length = dm

1dm = 10cm

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12
Q

How to calculate number of stereoisomers?

A

2 to the power of number of chiral centres

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13
Q

What is a meso compound?

A

A compound which contains a chiral centre but is superimposible on its own image

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14
Q

What is the level of sodium in the body?

A

4 moles

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15
Q

What is the level of sodium in serum

A

140mM

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16
Q

What is the level of potassium in the cells?

A

150mM

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17
Q

What is the serum level of potassium?

A

4-5mM

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18
Q

What is lithium carbonate used for as a drug?

A

Treats bipolar disorder and depression because reduces suicidal risk

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19
Q

Which drugs can chelate calcium

A

Tetracyclines and quinolones

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20
Q

What is the role of calcium as a drug?

A

Used to treat hypertension and angina

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21
Q

What is magnesium carbonate used for as a drug

22
Q

Where is strontium used in?

A

In sensitivity toothpaste we have strontium chloride

23
Q

Which element is found in vitamin B12?

24
Q

Which enzyme is zinc found in?

A

ACE - angiotensin concerting enzyme

25
Normal level of iron for women in the body?
115-165 g/L
26
Normal level of iron in men?
130 - 180g/L
27
What is the ionic radius of sodium
1.02 Armstrong
28
What can a deficiency of potassium lead to?
Muscle weakness
29
How much magnesium is in the cells?
10mM
30
Why is barium Sulfate used in X-rays
Opaque | Doesn’t dissolve so won’t affect water potential
31
Use of platinum as a precious metal
Cisplatin - cancer drug
32
Use of silver in medicine
Silver salt is used to treat warts
33
Use of gold in medicine
Used to treat rheumatoid arthritis - sodium autothionalate
34
Which phosphorus isotopes are B emitters?
P32 and P33
35
Which sulfur isotope is a B emitter?
S35
36
Use of sulfur in oxidation state of 0
Insulin
37
Use of sulfur with oxidation state +2
Omeprazole
38
Use of sulfur with oxidation state of -2
Thiols- ace inhibitors which block zinc
39
Use of sulfur with oxidation state +4
Sulphanilamide drugs as an antibiotic
40
Use of sulfur with oxidation state +6
SLS
41
What is scandium in drugs used to treat
Amoebic dysentery
42
Which fruit is high in pottasium and how much is found in it?
Bananas 400mg
43
Which veg has low pottasium
Carrots
44
Can drugs increase levels of sodium
Yes penicillin can
45
Molarity definition
Moles of solute / volume of solution (L) Units - M
46
Definition of molality
Moles of solute / weight of solvent (kg) Units: molkg-1
47
Definition if w/v%
(g / ml) x 100
48
Moles fraction
Moles of desired / total moles
49
Definition of equivalents
Ionic valency x moles
50
Give examples of 4 sp3 hybridised compounds
Water Ester Amine Alcohol
51
Why is SYN eclipsed less stable than eclipsed?
This is because if pitzer strain which is repulsion between the negative electrons in the eclipsing bond Steric strain which is repulsion between groups in close proximity
52
Why is axial conformation less stable than equatorial
This is because of 1,3 diaxial interactions