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Revision > Revision Med Year 1 > Flashcards

Revision Med Year 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Tetrahedral hybridisation

A

Sp3

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2
Q

Planar hybridisation

A

Sp2

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3
Q

Linear hybridisation

A

Sp

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4
Q

Hydrogen hybridisation and shape

A

s & sphere

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5
Q

What is the hybridisation of benzene

A

sp2

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6
Q

How many sigma and pi bonds are in a double bond

A

1 sigma

1 pi

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7
Q

How many sigma and pi bonds are in a triple bond

A

1 sigma and 2 pi

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8
Q

Which orbital overlap create a pi bond

A

P orbitals

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9
Q

Write down the confirmations of butane from most to least stable

A

Anti-staggered

Gauche staggered

Eclipse

Syn eclipsed

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10
Q

What does E and Z mean

A

E - enemies so opp sides

Z- ze same side

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11
Q

Equation for calculating specific optical rotation

A

[a] = a/cl

concentration = g/ml 
Length = dm

1dm = 10cm

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12
Q

How to calculate number of stereoisomers?

A

2 to the power of number of chiral centres

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13
Q

What is a meso compound?

A

A compound which contains a chiral centre but is superimposible on its own image

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14
Q

What is the level of sodium in the body?

A

4 moles

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15
Q

What is the level of sodium in serum

A

140mM

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16
Q

What is the level of potassium in the cells?

A

150mM

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17
Q

What is the serum level of potassium?

A

4-5mM

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18
Q

What is lithium carbonate used for as a drug?

A

Treats bipolar disorder and depression because reduces suicidal risk

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19
Q

Which drugs can chelate calcium

A

Tetracyclines and quinolones

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20
Q

What is the role of calcium as a drug?

A

Used to treat hypertension and angina

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21
Q

What is magnesium carbonate used for as a drug

A

Indigestion

22
Q

Where is strontium used in?

A

In sensitivity toothpaste we have strontium chloride

23
Q

Which element is found in vitamin B12?

A

Cobalt

24
Q

Which enzyme is zinc found in?

A

ACE - angiotensin concerting enzyme

25
Q

Normal level of iron for women in the body?

A

115-165 g/L

26
Q

Normal level of iron in men?

A

130 - 180g/L

27
Q

What is the ionic radius of sodium

A

1.02 Armstrong

28
Q

What can a deficiency of potassium lead to?

A

Muscle weakness

29
Q

How much magnesium is in the cells?

A

10mM

30
Q

Why is barium Sulfate used in X-rays

A

Opaque

Doesn’t dissolve so won’t affect water potential

31
Q

Use of platinum as a precious metal

A

Cisplatin - cancer drug

32
Q

Use of silver in medicine

A

Silver salt is used to treat warts

33
Q

Use of gold in medicine

A

Used to treat rheumatoid arthritis - sodium autothionalate

34
Q

Which phosphorus isotopes are B emitters?

A

P32 and P33

35
Q

Which sulfur isotope is a B emitter?

A

S35

36
Q

Use of sulfur in oxidation state of 0

A

Insulin

37
Q

Use of sulfur with oxidation state +2

A

Omeprazole

38
Q

Use of sulfur with oxidation state of -2

A

Thiols- ace inhibitors which block zinc

39
Q

Use of sulfur with oxidation state +4

A

Sulphanilamide drugs as an antibiotic

40
Q

Use of sulfur with oxidation state +6

A

SLS

41
Q

What is scandium in drugs used to treat

A

Amoebic dysentery

42
Q

Which fruit is high in pottasium and how much is found in it?

A

Bananas

400mg

43
Q

Which veg has low pottasium

A

Carrots

44
Q

Can drugs increase levels of sodium

A

Yes penicillin can

45
Q

Molarity definition

A

Moles of solute / volume of solution (L)

Units - M

46
Q

Definition of molality

A

Moles of solute / weight of solvent (kg)

Units: molkg-1

47
Q

Definition if w/v%

A

(g / ml) x 100

48
Q

Moles fraction

A

Moles of desired / total moles

49
Q

Definition of equivalents

A

Ionic valency x moles

50
Q

Give examples of 4 sp3 hybridised compounds

A

Water

Ester

Amine

Alcohol

51
Q

Why is SYN eclipsed less stable than eclipsed?

A

This is because if pitzer strain which is repulsion between the negative electrons in the eclipsing bond
Steric strain which is repulsion between groups in close proximity

52
Q

Why is axial conformation less stable than equatorial

A

This is because of 1,3 diaxial interactions

Revision (4 decks)

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