Revision Questions Flashcards
How long after exercise does appetite turn to control values?
Appetite returns to control values after 30-60 min.
What is type 1 diabetes?
where the pancreas produces little or no insulin.
Two ways to help prevent type 1 diabetes?
By keeping their blood sugar in a target range
Regular medical check-ups to detect early signs of complications.
What is hypertension?
Long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.
(To prevent eat plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables as well as eating foods low in salt (sodium) and high in potassium as this can lower your blood pressure)
What is coronary heart disease?
Adiseasein which a waxy substance called plaque builds up inside thecoronaryarteries. These arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to yourheartmuscle. When plaque builds up in the arteries, the condition is called atherosclerosis. The build-up of plaque occurs over many years.
(To prevent eat a low-fat, high-fibre diet with low levels of salt)
What is cerebrovascular disease?
Includes a variety of medical conditions that affect the blood vessels of the brain and the cerebral circulation.
Narrowed cerebral arteries can lead to ischemic stroke, but continually elevated blood pressure can also cause tearing of vessels, leading to a haemorrhagic stroke.
(To prevent eat a low fat diet and therefore lowering cholesterol)
Define cancer?
A term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues.
What bone density would be described as osteoporosis?
Having a bone mineral content or bone mineral density of more than 2.5 SD below the young normal mean
Between what 2 percentages does intracellular make up?
Intracellular Fluid (60-70%) Extracellular Fluid (30-40%)
Three roles of fatty acids.
Insulation - reduces heat loss
Protection of internal organs.
Transport carriers of fat soluble vitamins (i.e. A, D, E and K)
Three benefits of omega 3
Helps support visual and cognitive development
Most abundant in brain and retina
Regulates cell activity and cardiovascular function
Three benefits of omega 6
Supports brain development
Stimulation of growth
Maintenance of skin and hair growth
Two supplements that increase fat oxidation?
Bitter orange – Thought to activates beta oxidation & appetite suppression
Caffeine - Thought to stimulate lipolysis
Green tea – Thought to stimulate lipolysis, oxidative properties, maintain better glycaemic control after a glucose load
Carnitine – Believed to help transport of FA’s into mitochondria
What is gestational diabetes?
causes high blood sugar that can affect your pregnancy and your baby’s health.
What is type 2 diabetes?
where the body does not use insulin properly. This is called insulin resistance. At first, your pancreas makes extra insulin to make up for it. But, over time it isn’t able to keep up and can’t make enough insulin to keep your blood glucose at normal levels.
What is fatigue?
Feeling weak to being constantly tired or lacking energy.
What is Functional overreaching?
Intense training equals drop in performance (Recovery = Days)
What is Functional overtraining?
Leading to temporary drop in performance but leads to raise in performance
(recovery = Days-weeks)
What is Non-functional overreaching?
When intensified training continues, in the absence of adequate recovery leading to stagnation or drop In performance (recovery = Weeks-Months)
What is Overtraining syndrome?
Not just performance but several biological, neurochemical and hormonal mechanisms. Diagnosis can only be made by excluding all other possible influences on changes in performance and mood state.
Muscle and liver Glycogen
Muscle Glycogen provides energy for muscular contraction (100-400g in 70 kg man).
Liver Glycogen provides energy for all tissues (80-100g in 70 kg man).
heavy/moderate/light carbohydrate recommendations
Heavy (>3h/d): 8-10 g CHO/kg body weight
Moderate (1-2h/d): 6-7 g CHO/kg body weight
Light (<1h/d): 4-5 g CHO/kg body weight
Cognitive function - low or high GI?
LGI breakfast improved cognitive function tests compared with HGI breakfast and breakfast omission.
Differences most pronounced on most demanding tests.
Colonic fermentation of CHO
Non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and resistant starch (RS) are fermented by bacteria in the large intestine.
At least 30g CHO needed to enter the colon each day to support the growth of bacteria.
Releases short chain fatty acids that suppress appetite and increase insulin sensitivity.
