Revision Summary Questions Flashcards
Name three organelles that are found in both animal and plant cells.
- nucleus
- cell membrane
- cytoplasm
Name two organelles that are only found in plant cells and describe their functions.
- chloroplasts- filled with chlorophyll which is used in photosynthesis to make food for the plant.
- cell wall- rigid structure made of cellulose which surrounds the cell membrane to support and strengthen the cell.
- vacuole- contains cell sap (a weak solution of sugars and salts) to support the cell.
What is a tissue?
A group of similar cells working together to carry out a particular function.
What is an organs and organ systems?
An organ is a group of different tissues that work together to perform a function and an organ system is a group of organs working together to do a job.
What are plant cell walls made of?
Cellulose
How do most animals store carbohydrate?
Glycogen
Give two examples of fungi.
Yeast, Mucor, Mushroom
Explain what is meant by the term “saprotrophic nutrition”
A fungus secretes extracellular enzymes into the area outside their body to dissolve their food so they can then absorb the nutrients.
Give two examples of protoctists.
Chlorella, Amoeba.
Give three features of viruses.
- v.small
- only reproduce inside living cells
- infect all types of living organisms
- they come in loads of different shapes and sizes
- don’t have a cellular structure- only a protein coat around some genetic material
What are pathogens? Give two examples of pathogens.
Organisms that cause disease.
Eg. Pneumococcus, Plasmodium, Influenza Virus.
What name is given to biological catalysts?
Enzymes
An enzyme with an optimum temperature of 37 degrees is heated to 60 degrees; suggest what will happen.
It will denature.
What is diffusion?
The net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
What is osmosis?
The bet movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration.
Why are turgid cells important to plants?
As the turgor pressure (contents of cell pushing against the cell wall due to its high water concentration) helps support the plant tissues.
What is active transport?
The net movement of particles against a concentration gradient using energy released during respiration.
Describe how surface area to volume ratio effects the movement of substances in and out of cells.
Yeah rate of movement is higher on cells with a larger surface area to volume ratio.
What are the eight basic characteristics that all living organisms share?
MRS GREN is a homo
Movement
Reproduction
Sensitivity
Growth
Respiration
Excretion
Nutrition
Homeostasis
Name the three main chemical elements that are found in carbohydrates.
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.
What type of biological molecules are made up of:
a) . Fatty acids and glycerol
b) . Amino acids
a) . Lipids
b) . Proteins
Describe how you would use Benedicts reagent to test for glucose.
Add reagent to a sample and heat it (without boiling it) if glucose is present it will go brick red.
What could you do to see if there is starch in a sample?
Add iodine solution- if present blue-black colour.
Why does the body need proteins?
For growth and repair.
