Reza

Question 1

what kind and direction of measurements are taken with monuments?

Answer 1

horizontal control like X and Y coordinates on monuments

Question 2

what kind and direction of measurements are taken with benchmarks?

Answer 2

elevation

Question 3

what is a measure problem?

Answer 3

the distance between two points is unknown and will have to be measuredk

Question 4

what are some key words for measured problems?

Answer 4

recorded and unknown

Question 5

what is a layout problem?

Answer 5

the distance between two points is known

Question 6

what are the keywords for a layout problem?

Answer 6

necessary, required, desired, and designed

Question 7

what is a plumb reading?

Answer 7

the plumb reading is the smallest reading on a waving the rod exercise

Question 8

when are inverted readings taken?

Answer 8

inverted readings are taken when the zero is above the rod like on cantilever structures

Question 9

what is a zenith angle?

Answer 9

zenith angle is a vertical angle. should always be 0 degrees

Question 10

what does it mean if the zenith angle is greater than 90 degrees? In regards to the ts

Answer 10

that means that the TS is downhill

Question 11

what instruments are used to measure horizontal angles?

Answer 11

transit/theodolite or total stations

Question 12

what is a meridian?

Answer 12

a meridian is an angle that is a CHOSEN N/S line used for assigning directions to lines

Question 13

what is an azimuth?

Answer 13

direction of a line by a horizontal angle, ALWAYS clockwise, from the north meridian

Question 14

what is the range of degrees that an azimuth can be?

Answer 14

0-360 degrees

Question 15

what is the azimuth rule if forward azi is less than 180?

Answer 15

then the reverse azimuth is equal to fwd azi. plus 180 degrees

Question 16

what is the azimuth rule if forward azi is more than 180?

Answer 16

then the reverse azimuth is equal to fwd azi minus 180 degrees

Question 17

what departure and latitude directions are positive?

Answer 17

east and north

Question 18

what departure and latitude directions are negative?

Answer 18

west and south

Question 19

what are the purpose of coordinates?

Answer 19

to calculate distance and determine bearings

Question 20

what does daylight mean in terms of volumes?

Answer 20

daylight means there is no change in elevation and it is the same

Question 21

what is the equation to the deflection angle method?

Answer 21

d= I/L x lil L

Question 22

what does the deflection angle find?

Answer 22

it lets you find the angle between two points on the curve (POC)

Question 23

what is the point of tangency also known as?

Answer 23

EC in horizontal curves

Question 24

what can you assume about horizontal problems about highways?

Answer 24

that you will need to use the arc definition formula

Question 25

what does OG mean?

Answer 25

OG means original ground in elevation and volume problems

Question 26

what is a lath?

Answer 26

another word for construction stake

Question 27

when can you use the triangular prism equation?

Answer 27

when solving cut and fill problems

Question 28

what is the triangular prism formula?

Answer 28

v=0.5*b*h*L

Question 29

what is an offset?

Answer 29

the shortest distance from a line perpendicular point

Question 30

what is leveling?

Answer 30

leveling is the process used to obtain elevations or difference of elevations of benchmarks relative to a datum

Question 31

in differential leveling, what is the equation for the difference in elevation btwn two points?

Answer 31

Delta Elev = BS -FS

Question 32

what is a catch point?

Answer 32

a slope intercept. where the side slope intercepts the natural ground surface

Question 33

what is a hinge point?

Answer 33

hP is the angle btwn the grade line and the slope

Question 34

when is a stadia used most? which type of survey?

Answer 34

topographic survey

Question 35

what is the definition of a traverse?

Answer 35

series of lines whose horizontal distance and direction are known

Question 36

how many kinds of traverses are there?

Answer 36

There are three traverses (closed, open, and radial)

Question 37

what is the best equipment to use for traverses?

Answer 37

total station

Question 38

what are construction stakes?

Answer 38

posts that contain the vertical and horizontal instructions

Question 39

what is another word for a construction stake?

Answer 39

a witness post

Question 40

what is a mass diagram?

Answer 40

a method to calculate roadway fills and cuts from earthwork

Question 41

what is the abscissa?

Answer 41

it is the horizontal measurement that represents the stationing along the centerline

Question 42

what is the ordinate?

Answer 42

it is the vertical measurement which represents the accumulated net cubic yards

Question 43

what can you determine from a mass diagram?

Answer 43

the accumulated difference btwn cut and fills at any station, amount of haul, free haul, and overhaul, excess or shortage of materials, and direction of haul

Question 44

what does a positive slope on a mass diagram mean?

Answer 44

indicates a cut. steeper the line = heavier the yardage

Question 45

what does a negative slope on a mass diagram mean?

Answer 45

negative = embankment (fill). steeper the slope = more fill

Question 46

what is free haul?

Answer 46

free haul = an agreed upon distance where there is no charge to haul soil

Question 47

what is overhaul? | formula

Answer 47

total haul minus free haul

Question 48

what is average haul?

Answer 48

since every cut or fill is moved a different distance, it is the average of all of the distances for each trip

Question 49

what is stations yards overhaul?

Answer 49

unit of measurement of the hauling operation

Question 50

what is the swell factor?

Answer 50

when disturbing soil in the ground you will need more than the required volume to fill the area

Question 51

when solving problems and youre given bearing and distance, what should you do?

Answer 51

find the departure and the latitude

Question 52

when solving deflection angle problems, an angle that turns left is positive or negative?

Answer 52

negative

Question 53

when solving deflection angle problems, an angle that turns right is positive or negative?

Answer 53

positive

Question 54

what is photogrammetry?

Answer 54

defined as the art, science, and technology of obtaining reliable information from photograph

Question 55

what are the disadvantages of using photogrammetry?

Answer 55

can't be used in the absence of light, can't be used for accurate measurements when there is visible constraints (buildings, vegetations, tree canopy, snowfall), data is supsceptible to computer viruses

Question 56

what is a contour factor? (C factor)

Answer 56

a contour factor describes the relationship between an aircraft flying above mean sea level and the smallest accurate contour iNTERVAL that can be generated at a specific height