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AP English Language and Composition > Rhetoric Notes > Flashcards

Rhetoric Notes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first meaning of rhetoric?

A

Any available means of persuasion;
Any situation sufficient enough to influence others to think and act differently

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2
Q

What is the second meaning of rhetoric?

A

The effectiveness of writing in achieving an agenda (aim);
This definition is used for writing and reading

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3
Q

What goes at the top of the rhetorical triangle, and what is the Aristotlelean appeal that matches it?

A

Speaker (initiative);
Ethos

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4
Q

Why does ethos go with speaker?

A

The speaker must be a reliable source with enough accreditation to speak on a particular subject

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5
Q

What does ethos mean?

A

Ethics, but it means credibility

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6
Q

What is an antimetabole?

A

Is the repetition of words in successive clauses, but in transposed order

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7
Q

What is the antimetabole to remember as a speaker hoping to build credibility (ethos)?

A

Write what you know (experience), know what you write (research)

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8
Q

What goes on the bottom right corner of the rhetorical triangle, and what Aristotlelean appeal accompanies it?

A

Audience;
Pathos

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9
Q

Why does pathos accompany audience?

A

Because emotions are an audience’s immediate impression;
When reading a work, pathos, which means emomtion, is the first appeal that we experience because we have a tendency as human beings to feel first and think later

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10
Q

What does pathos mean?

A

Emotion

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11
Q

What does logos mean?

A

Logic/Reason

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12
Q

What is the relationship between logos, pathos, and time?

A

Over time, our emotions (pathos) begin to make way for our logic (logos) to come through;
With time, our pathos decreases and our logos increases

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13
Q

What goes on the bottom right corner of the rhetorical triangle, and what Aristotlelean appeal accompanies it?

A

Subject;
Logos

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14
Q

Why does logos accompany subject?

A

Because when our emotions grants leeway for our logic to become more dominant, it is important for a piece’s work to be logical, so that an audience’s interest and understanding of the work may be maintained even after the stupor of emotion (pathos) has faded

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15
Q

What goes on the left arc between speaker and subject?

A

Context

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16
Q

What is context?

A

Background information

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17
Q

Why does context belong where it does?

A

Context belongs where it does because it provides meaning and clarity to the intended agenda;
It provides us a basis upon which we can determine whether or not the argument presented by the speaker, given the provided circumstances, is logical

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18
Q

Where is aim on the rhetorical triangle?

A

It’s what’s happening inside and on the circle;
It is the rhetorical triangle itself since everything contained within the rhetorical triangle is intended to achieve the aim

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19
Q

What AP term is antimetabole similar to?

A

Chiasmus

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20
Q

Diction establishes what?

A

Tone

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21
Q

Tone establishes what?

A

Mood

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22
Q

What are the first four rhetorical modes?

A
  1. Description
  2. Narration
  3. Division/Classification
  4. Causal analysis
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23
Q

What are the last four rhetorical modes?

A
  1. Comparison and Contrast
  2. Process Analysis
  3. Definition
  4. Argumentation/Persuasion
24
Q

What do the first seven modes focus on?

A

Form and structure

25
Q

What does the eighth rhetorical mode focus on?

A

Intent

26
Q

What is the difference between argumentation and persuation?

A

Argumentation calls for logic and reason;
Persuasion calls for logic and emotion

27
Q

What is the most basic of rhetorical modes?

A

Description

28
Q

What is the most innate/natural of rhetorical modes?

A

Narration

29
Q

What is a theme?

A

An overarching element of a narrative

30
Q

Why is narration the most innate/natural of rhetorical modes?

A

Because we have the natural tendency to tell a story

31
Q

What is narration?

A

A retelling of a sequence of events to teach a moral or lesson

32
Q

How is description structured?

A
  1. Order of importance
  2. Spatial order;
    This is considered directional; Choose a starting point and work from there
33
Q

How do you choose how to structure description?

A

It varies with purpose

34
Q

Should you show or tell when writing a descriptive paragraph?

A

Show because when you tell, you force your audience to be observers;
In showing, you allow your audience to experience the details you present

35
Q

How does one show when writing a descriptive paragraph?

A

Through sensory details

36
Q

What is the difference between sensory details and imagery?

A

Imagery is a figurative language;
Sensory details are a rhetorical technique

37
Q

What is “dominant impression” when writing a descriptive paragraph?

A

A dominant impression is a quality, mood, or atmosphere that reinforces the writer’s purpose;
It creates a mood or atmosphere for the paper

38
Q

When writing a descriptive paragraph about a person, what must on write about?

A

Physical appearance (focus on distincitve attributes);
Mannerism (again, focus on distinctive attributes)

39
Q

How is narration structured?

A

In chronological order (as in, in the natural linear order of time);
Flashback (as in, looking at something in retrospect or telling a story that occurred in the past)

40
Q

(Under narration) What is direct characterization? Provide an example.

A

Telling your audience a detail;
Ex: She is weird.

41
Q

(Under narration) What is indirect characterization?

A

Showing/explaining a detail to your audience;
It is presented through the character’s actions and thoughts

42
Q

(Under narration) What mnemonic must one remember when using indirect characterization?

A

A- Action
I- Interaction with other people
R- Reaction to other people

43
Q

(Under narration) What is the difference between point of view and perspective?

A

Point of View is a stylistic aspect of a character;
Perspective refers to the character’s overall worldview (this is usually where attributes such as race, religion, etc are mentioned; it is the background of a character)

44
Q

What happens when writing about division/classification?

A

The whole is broken down into its constituent types

45
Q

What happens when writing about causal analysis?

A

It provides an audience possible causes, like necessary causes and contributory causes

46
Q

What is causal analysis?

A

Causal analysis is a process for identifying and addressing the causes and effects of a challenge or problem. Instead of addressing the symptoms of a problem, causal analysis helps identify the root causes so those symptoms become less impactful.

47
Q

What happens when writing a comparison and contrast?

A

A speaker presents a list of options and compares and contrasts the different facets of each element in the list;
It references/explains the similarities and differences between items in a list

48
Q

What happens when writing about process analysis?

A

It presents a process;
It is designed to convey to the reader how a change takes place through a series of stages

49
Q

How can one write a definition paper? (First two)

A

Using the dictionary definition (aka going lexical);
Using etymology (analyzing the origin of a word)

50
Q

How can one write a definition paper? (Last two)

A

Contrast (telling the audience what the item is not);
Examples (most common/basic one)

51
Q

What are the three domains (spaces) of writing?

A

The public domain;
The private domain;
And the liaison (wingman/translator) between the two

52
Q

What type/level of English does the public domain use/is most familiar with?

A

Informal language;
Ex: texting, social media, and emails

53
Q

What type/level of English does the private domain use/is most familiar with?

A

Formal language and technical language;
Ex of the latter: research and reports

54
Q

What type/level of English does the liaison use?

A

Informal, formal, and technical;
Ex: newsapers, magazines, and journals

55
Q

Why does the liaison use all three types/levels of English?

A

Because the liaison is responsible for translating what is produced from the private domain and making it more comprehensible for the average person, seeing that the private domain can use jargon that the everyday person would not be aware of

AP English Language and Composition (18 decks)

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