Rhetorical Devices and Situation

Question 1

Tone

Answer 1

The accumulated and implied attitude toward the subject reached by analyzing diction, detail, syntax, and all other figurative language elements

Question 2

Tone Shift

Answer 2

Because tone radiates from the author through a speaker (s) or narrator(s) and then to the reader. a tone shift indicates a shift in attitude about the subject. A tone shift may be the result of a change in speaker, subject, audiences or intention The shift may indicate irony a deeper and more complex understanding of the topic a new way of addressing the topic

Question 3

Subject

Answer 3

Other than the general topic identify the central thesis of the work in one clear declarative thesis statement

Question 4

Writer or Speaker

Answer 4

Persona of the work : address historical and or cultural context and their effect or influence

Question 5

Occasion

Answer 5

Formal informal and any details that would affect the purpose

Question 6

Audience

Answer 6

Direct and indirect or primary and secondary (analyze both because they are usually there)

Question 7

Purpose or intention

Answer 7

To persuade, entertain, inform etc or usually a combination

Question 8

Diction

Answer 8

author’s word choice

Question 9

anecdote

Answer 9

a brief story or tale

Question 10

persona

Answer 10

role taken on by speaker or author

Question 11

aphorism

Answer 11

concise statement designed to make a point or illustrate a commonly held belief

Question 12

contradiction

Answer 12

a direct opposition between things compared; inconsistency

Question 13

syllogism

Answer 13

a form of reasoning in which two premises are made and a conclusion is drawn from them

Question 14

premise

Answer 14

a proposition agreed upon as a basis for argument

Question 15

satire

Answer 15

a style used to make fun of or ridicule a human vice or weakness in order to create social change

Question 16

colloquialism (colloquial language)

Answer 16

ordinary language; the vernacular

Question 17

litote

Answer 17

form of understatement in which the negative of the contrary is used to achieve emphasis and intensity

Question 18

irony

Answer 18

situational: what happens is the opposite of what is expected
verbal: what is is said is the opposite of what is meant

Question 19

hyperbole

Answer 19

exaggeration to emphasize

Question 20

metaphor

Answer 20

an indirect comparison

Question 21

paradox

Answer 21

a statement that appears contradictory but, in fact, has some truth

Question 22

alliteration

Answer 22

repetition of the same sound at the beginning of successive words; effect is to increase memory retention, add emphasis and/or to create a rhythm

Question 23

euphemism

Answer 23

an inoffensive expression that is substituted for one that is considered offensive or harsh

Question 24

oxymoron

Answer 24

contradiction; two contradictory terms or ideas used together

Question 25

metonymy

Answer 25

designation of one thing with something closely associated with it (crown for royalty; the man when referring to the government)

Question 26

imagery

Answer 26

sight, sound, touch, taste, smell; allows reader to more fully participate in the work with images and experiences that they can tie to directly or indirectly; typically an emotional appeal

Question 27

simile

Answer 27

an explicit comparison between two unlike things with the use of “like” or “as”

Question 28

analogy

Answer 28

a comparison between two things in which the more complex is explained in terms of the more simple

Question 29

ambiguity

Answer 29

the expression of an idea in such a way that more than one meaning is suggested; multiple meanings

Question 30

symbol

Answer 30

a person, place, object, or event that stands for itself and something beyond itself; something concrete that represents something abstract; connected to theme; a type of figurative language

Question 31

logical fallacy

Answer 31

faulty logic; mistaken belief based on unsound argument; failure in reasoning

Question 32

warrant

Answer 32

the principle, provision or chain of reasoning that connects the grounds/reason to the claim

Question 33

grounds

Answer 33

data; evidence on which to base argument

Question 34

claim

Answer 34

a statement that must be proven true

Question 35

appeal to authority or expert testimony

Answer 35

citation of information from people recognized for their special knowledge of a subject for the purpose of strengthening an author’s argument; may become a type of fallacy; if A is claimed to be an authority on a subject, A makes a claim about that subject, therefore it is true (even though the authority may be be false)