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Year 3 - Exams > Rheum/Haem/Endo Cases AS > Flashcards

Rheum/Haem/Endo Cases AS Flashcards

1
Q
A

B

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2
Q

What atypical organisms cause pneumonia?

A
  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae•Chlamydia pneumoniae•Legionella pneumophila
  • Implicated in up to 40% of CA
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3
Q
A

E

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4
Q

Describe a cause of microcytic anaemia.

A
  • Haematinics
  • Coeliac screen* (TTG Ab) (diagnosis confirmed on duodenal biopsy - villous atrophy)
  • Remember red flags
  • Top & Tail
  • Order depends on upper/lower GI symptoms
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5
Q
A

Ischaemic colitis is a common cause of bloody stools in elderly

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6
Q
A

E because less than 48hours

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7
Q

Name 3 causes of bloody diarrhoea.

A
  • •Infection: infective colitis
  • •Inflammation: ulcerative/Crohn’s colitis (younger pts)
  • •Ischaemia: ischaemic colitis (older pts)
  • Malignancy
  • Diverticulitis
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8
Q

What is a dangerous complication of ascites?

A

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

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9
Q
A

D

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10
Q

Describe 3 causes of microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia.

A
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11
Q

How can haemolytic anaemia be classified?

A
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12
Q
A

E

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13
Q

Describe the folds of the large and small bowel.

A

Large bowel - haustra

Small bowel - circular folds

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14
Q
A

Na should be 135-145, low urine sodium if kidneys are holding on to sodium due to ADH release.

?SIADH due to lung cancer

Therefore CXR

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15
Q

What is hyponatraemia? What algorithm would you use when treating them?

A

Hyponatraemia - EXCESS water diluting Na. Either appropriate or inappropriate.

  • Appropriate if retaining more water e.g. from vomiting causing more ADH –> SIADH
  • If tumour is releaseing ADH - this is inappropriate

Causes: almost always due to increased ADH

Rarer causes: excess water intake, sodium-free irrigation solutions(e.g. used in TURP).

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16
Q

What test is used to test for SIADH?

A

SynACTHen test

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17
Q

When will urine sodium be low in hyponatraemia?

A

Urine sodium will be low in hyper and hypovolaemic patients.

18
Q

List some causes of SIADH.

A
  1. CNS pathology
  2. Lung pathology
  3. Drugs (SSRI, opiates, carbamazepine)
  4. Tumours
19
Q
A

Beau’s lines - in chemotherapy patients when nail stops growing then grows again

Oncholysiis - nail detaches from the nail bed

20
Q

List 4 causes of onycholysis.

A
  • Trauma
  • Thyrotoxicosis
  • Fungal infection
  • Psoriasis
21
Q
A

A

22
Q

List 3 macrovasuclar complications of diabetes.

A

MI/stroke/PVD

23
Q

Name 3 metabolic complications of diabetes.

A

DKA/HHS/hypoglycaemia

24
Q
A

D

25
Q
A

B - LVH

Cardiac cause of collapse

Ejection systolic murmur - aortic stenosis –> hypertrophy of left ventricle

26
Q
A

CT KUB - NON CONTRAST is very sensitive. Calculus

27
Q
A
28
Q
A

In malignancy ALP goes up so answer is multiple myeloma.

29
Q
A

Fat necrosis is caused by trauma

Fibroadenoma

30
Q
A

A

31
Q

What are 4 consequences of multiple myeloma?

A
32
Q
A

D

33
Q

Give 4 causes of cavitating lung lesions.

A
34
Q

What is nephrotic syndrome?

A

Nephrotic syndrome•

  • increased permeability of GBM to protein
  • Proteinura> 3g/day
  • Hypoalbuminaemia
  • Oedema
35
Q

Explain the answer.

A

C. HHT - Autosomal dominant, abnormal blood vessels in skin, mucous membranes, lungs, liver, brain. Causes small mouth.

36
Q
A

A

37
Q
A

High prolactin supresses LH/FSH and therefore testosterone

H

38
Q
A

Tumour is secreting prolactin and GH therefore there is excess IGF-1 production by liver

IGF-1 is measured (not GF) because GH is pulsatile

Investigation: oral glucose tolerance test shoudl suppress GH in normal people

39
Q
A

F

40
Q
A

E

Excess TRH can stimulate prolactin

41
Q
A

I - blood tests would be normal

42
Q
A

Year 3 - Exams (25 decks)

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