Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PTRS 746 > Rheumatic Diseases > Flashcards

Rheumatic Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

How many rheumatoid diseases have been identified?

A

more than 100 identified

prevalence of 46 million in US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is cause of CRPS?

A

believed to be due to either CNS or PNS dysfunction (or both)
CPRS I: no underlying nerve injury
CPRS II: known nerve injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is CPRS?

A

Severe pain out of proportion to injury and which worsens over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Who gets CPRS?

A

Young women, but can occur in either sex at any age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are symptoms of CRPS?

A 
intense burning of hot pain
joint stiffness and or inflammation
motor dysfunction
skin hypersensitivity
altered skin temperature
changes in skin color (red, blotchy, purple)
changes in skin texture (shiny, thin, sweaty)
changes in nail or hair growth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is stage 1 of CRPS?

A 
1-3 months
severe pain
muscle spasm
joint stiffness
excessive hair growth
skin color
temperature changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is stage 2 of CRPS?

A 
3-6 months
pain intensifies
swelling
decreased hair growth
nail changes
osteomalacia
hypotonia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is stage 3 of CRPS?

A 
>6 months
changes to skin and bone become irreversible
intractable pain
atrophy
joint deformity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, juvenile chronic arthritis
Most common form of arthritis in kids
onset prior to age 16
unknown etiology- genetic vs. environmental factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are 3 general types of JRA?

A

Pauciarticular (40-50%)
Polyarticular (30%)
Systemic or Still’s disease (20%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is pauciarticular JRA?

A

four or few joints affected, usually leg and jaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is polyarticular JRA?

A

five or more joints affected (can be as many as 40)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is systemic or Still’s disease?

A

inflammation outside the joints (pericarditis, pleuritis), usually accompanied by fever and rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are pauciarticular and polyarticular forms commonly associated with?

A

Iridocyclitis: asymptomatic but can cause permanent visual loss if untreated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do they diagnose JRA?

A

no single test- based on symptomology and clinical findings
Symptoms can include arthritis, fever, rash, fatigue, anemia, loss of appetite, irritability, reduced mobility
RF and ANA may be negative or positive
All forms can interfere with physical growth and cause joint deformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is treatment for JRA?

A

Treatment and prognosis mirror adult disease
Cautious use of corticosteroids
Approximately 50% have complete remission

17
Q

What is ankylosing spondylitis?

A

Inflammatory disease of the axial skeleton

18
Q

Who gets ankylosing spondylitis?

A

Prevalence of 1:1,000

3:1 male to female ratio

19
Q

What is pattern of ankylosing spondylitis?

A

onset at SI joint with ascending pattern
Inflammation->Erosion->Healing= bony fusion of fibrous ligaments
May affect patellar tendon and plantar fascia

20
Q

What are symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis?

A

Mild to moderate flares and remissions
Back pain and morning stiffness
May have fever, fatigue, anemia, weight loss
Uveitis, valvular deficiencies, spinal cord, compression are less common
Treatment focuses on pain relief, preservation of ROM, and prevention/correction of deformity

21
Q

What is systemic lupus erythematosus?

A

Autoimmune connective tissue disorder
Common in women of childbearing age (70-90%)
Clinical presentation ranges from benign to life threatening
Chronic with cycling exacerbation/remission
Diagnosed based on clinical findings supported by lab results (+ ANA)

22
Q

What are symptoms of SLE?

A

Photosensitive malar rash (butterfly rash)
Arthritis (usually symmetric polyarthritis)
Cortical and trabecular bone loss
Anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
Cardiopulmonary manifestations (fibrosis, pericarditis, thrombus, etc)
Nephropathy (proteinuria, elevated BUN and creatinine)
Neuropsychiatric disorders

23
Q

What is treatment for SLE?

A

Aimed at early identification of flares, reversal of inflammation, prevention of organ complications

NSAIDs, corticosteroids, anti-malarials, methotrexate, immunosuppressants

Aggressive treatment of HTN, renal dysfunction

24
Q

What is scleroderma?

A

Inflammation, degeneration, and fibrosis of skin, vasculature, joints, and tendons, muscle, GI tract, lung, heart, kidney

25
Q

What are early features of scleroderma?

A

swelling and cyanosis of fingers, Raynaud’s heartburn, myositis, and arthritis are common early features

26
Q

Who gets scleroderma? prognosis?

A

Affects females > males (4:1)

Unpredictable course- can be fatal

27
Q

What are treatments of scleroderma?

A

Treatments are palliative

NSAIDs, immunosuppressants, corticosteroids, anticoagulants, anti hypertensives

28
Q

What is reactive/infectious arthritis?

A

Infection of joint by bacterial, fungal, or viral agents
Gram-positive aerobes predominate
Can also be gonorrhea, chlamydia, lyme disease, others
80-90% are monoarticular, but can be polyarticular

29
Q

what are risk factors for reactive arthritis?

A 
Known infection
Very old or young age
Presence of another systemic disease
Recent invasive procedure
Prosthetic joint
Immunosuppresion
IV drug use
30
Q

How is reactive arthritis diagnosed? Prognosis?

A

Arthrocentesis, blood culture, radiographs or joint scans

Good prognosis with early diagnosis/treatment: joint aspiration, antibiotic coverage, surgical drainage, maintain/preserve ROM and strength

31
Q

What is gout?

A

Elevated uric acid levels (hyperuricemia)
Deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals
Primarily affects adult males (4:1)

32
Q

What does gout result from ?

A

Diuretic, aspirin, or cyclosporine use
Renal insufficiency
Enzymatic abnormalities
Alcoholism

33
Q

Where does gout normally occur? How is it diagnosed?

A

Affects MTP of great toe in 75% of cases

Presence of MSU is diagnostic

34
Q

What is treatment?

A

Onset may be dramatic and unexplained

Rest, NSAIDs, corticosteroids

35
Q

What are characteritics of polymyalgia rheumatic?

A

Systemic inflammatory disease in those >50 yrs

Malaise, fatigue, fever, anorexia, weight loss, chronic symmetrical aching of proximal muscle and joints, prominent in neck shoulders and pelvis
symptoms worst in morning

36
Q

How is polymyalgia rheumatica diagnosed? Prognosis?

A

Diagnosis based on elevation of ESR and exclusion of neoplasm, infection, muscle disease

Prompt recovery following corticosteroid treatment

PTRS 746 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions