Rheumatology conditions week 1 Flashcards
(20 cards)
Osteoporosis definition?
is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility
osteoporosis basic pathophysiology
bone resorption outweighs bone deposition -
influenced by a number of factors
risk factors for osteoporosis:
smoking & alcohol calcium deficiency lack of WB exercise hormone deficiency/menopause low vit D
Common medical disorders that can increase risk of osteoporosis:
eating disorders celiac endocrine disorders: - diabetes - cushings - excess TH or PTH corticosteroids
what is the gold standard for diagnosing osteoporosis?
DEXA scan
Pharmaco treatment for osteoporosis:
biophosphonates - fosamax
SERMs
HRT
non-pharmaco treatment for osteoporosis:
increase vit D and calcium
decrease alcohol and smoking
WB exercise
Osteomyelitis definition:
a rare but serious condition characterised by an infection of bone. Infections may occur via a number of ways: Bloodstream, open fractures, surgeries etc
Most common bacteria for Osteomyelitis:
staphylococcus
what type of bones does Osteomyelitis typically affect?
long bones: radius
vertebra Lx>tX>Cx
SIJ
5 pathological phases of osteomyelitis:
Inflammation (lymphocytes) suppuration (pus) necrosis (increased pressure) formation of new bone resolution
diagnosis for osteomyelitis:
blood test: raised ESR
biopsy
x ray
treatment for osteomyelitis:
antibiotics
drainage
surgery
OA definition:
Degeneration of joint cartilage and the underlying bone causing pain and stiffness.
common sites of OA:
hip
knee
thumb
pathophysiology of OA
disease of articular cartilage:
- genetic and environemntal factors cause proliferation of MMP IM’s which break down T2 collagen and proteoglycans
OA clinical presentation:
over 40’s
slow gradual onset
pain and stiffness that is worse at start and end of day
typical signs of OA:
bony enlargement
crepitus
reduced movement
tenderness on palpation
OA diagnosis
history
x-ray
Management of OA:
education/reassurance paracetamol modify RFs: weight loss, overuse exercise MT
