Rheumatology conditions week 2 Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
an AI disease that causes pain, swelling and stiffness in joints.
Can lead to:
- severe joint damage
- loss of function
- disability
Epidemiology of Rheumatoid arthritis:
W>M - 3:1
peak at age 40
incidence increases with age
What can trigger rheumatoid arthritis?
an interaction between environmental and genetic factors
what are the first clinical signs typically seen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?
insidous onset of pain and stiffness in the small joints of the hands and/or feet
Key SSx of rheumatoid arthritis:
- morning pain/stiffness
- ST and joint swelling
- tenderness on palpation
- systemic symptoms
Name 4 joint deformities associated with RA:
Butonniere
Swan neck
Z deformity
Ulnar deviation
what are some other clinical features of RA outside of joints:
Blood -anaemia Skin: rheumatoid nodules Eye: scleritis Lung: nodules Cardiac: Peri/myocarditis Atherosclerosis Renal Neuropathy
What 3 symptoms indicate a strong suspicion of RA according to the RACGP?
- persistent joint pain and swelling in >3 joint areas
- symmetrical involvementof MCP or MTP joints
- morning stiffness >30 mins
common investigations of RA:
ESR/CRP
Rh factor
Anti CCP
X-ray
Management of RA:
education
NSAIDs
DMARDs
exercise
What is ankylosing spondylitis?
a seronegative spondyloarthropathy causing restriction and fusion at the SIJ and Tx spine
What populations are associated with AS?
age under 30
M>W
HLA-B27
1st degree relative ^ risk
what rheumatological conditions are associated with HLA B27?
mnemonic: PAIR Psoriasis Ankylosing spondylitis IBS Reactive arthritis
Pathogenesis of AS:
HLA-B27 and timmune response –> influx of inflammatory cytokines and tissue destruction
SSx of Ankylosing spondylitis?
Low back pain -SIJ/buttock Lx flexion restriction Enthesitis peripheral arthitis bowel inflam
AS diagnostic tests
X-ray
MRI
ESR/CRP
What is Psoriatic arthritis?
seronegative spondyloarthropathy
AI disease characterised by red scaly patches and arthritic joint changes
Psoriatic arthritis epidemiology
M=W
ages 30-50 most common
Psoriatic arthritis pathogenesis:
AI process:
- immune system attacks self-antigens in the joints
Thought to be related to an environmental trigger (trauma, infection)
what are the 5 different classifications of Psa?
distal predominant oglioarticular polyarticular spondylitis arthritis mutilans
SSx of Psa:
peripheral arthritis axial arthritis dactylitis enthesitis tendonitis
pencil in cup deformity is associated with which condition?
psoriatic arthritis
what is septic arthritis?
is the invasion of a joint by an infectious agent resulting in joint inflammation.
what bacteria can cause septic arthritis?
Staph A
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
