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Bacti Exam 3 > Rickettsiales > Flashcards

Rickettsiales Flashcards

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1
Q

Rickettsiales: General

A

Obligate intracellular

Gram Negative

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2
Q

Anaplasma: general

A

small coccoid- ellipsoid
seen as single or morulae (bacterial packets)
may cause anemia, throbocytopenia, leukopenia

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3
Q

Anaplasma found in

A

cytoplasmic vacuoles of myeloid cells, neutrophils, erythrocytes

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4
Q

A. marginale: transmission

A

Biological- hard ticks

Mechanical- athropods, less significant

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5
Q

A. marginale: Infects

A

Wild deer and domestic species
Bovine Anaplasmosis
Reportable diseases

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6
Q

A. marginale: Clinical signs

A

Anemia, icterus, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, depression, fever, anorexia

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7
Q

Bovine anaplasmosis causes ___ mortality in cattle > 3 years of age.

A

~50%

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8
Q

Bovine anaplasmosis: diagnosis

A

Blood stains- purple structures near edge of RBC in Giemsa stains
molecular tests, serology

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9
Q

Bovine anaplasmosis: Treatment

A

Tetracyclines

Vaccine, vector control

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10
Q

A. phagocytophilum: Also known as

A

human, equine, canine granulocytic anaplasmosis

Tick-borne fever

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11
Q

A. phagocytophilum: reservoirs

A

Rodents, and wildlife (deer)
East- white-footed mouse and deer tick
West- black-legged tick

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12
Q

Tick-borne fever is commonly associated with ___ (disease)

A

Tick pyemia (staph infection)

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13
Q

A. phagocytophilum: pathogeneis

A

infection of neutrophils and eosinophils

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14
Q

A. phagocytophilum: Clinical signs

A

fever, depression, anorexia, ataxia, leukopenia, abortions, icterus
immunosuppression
hepatitis, splenomegaly, arthritis, paracortical hyperplasia of lymph nodes

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15
Q

A. phagocytophilum: Diagnosis

A

Giemsa or wright’s stained blood smear

leukemic cell culture, serology, molecular

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16
Q

A. platys causes

A

Infectious canine cyclic thrombocytopenia

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17
Q

A. platys: Clinical signs

A

1-2 week cycles

fever, lethargy, anemia, petechia, epistaxis, lymphadenopathy

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18
Q

A. platys often has co-infections with __

A

Ehrlichia canis

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19
Q

A. platys: transmission

A

Reservoirs as well

Rhipicephalus and Dermacentor

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20
Q

A. platys: diagnosis

A

Giemsa blood smear- seen in platelets

IFA, PCR

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21
Q

Rickettsiae: general

A

0.5-1 um, Gram (-), non-motile bacteria

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22
Q

R. rickettsii causes

A

Rocky mountain spotted fever

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23
Q

R. rickettsii: transmission

A

ixodes ticks- transovarial and transtadial

Dermacentor

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24
Q

R. rickettsii: pathogenesis

A

infects vascular endothelium

Necrosis, vasculitis, hemorrhages, edema, thrombosis, dyspnea

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25
R. rickettsii: clinical signs
high fever, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, petechia/ecchymotic, edema, tenderness, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia severe- necrosis of extremities (fatal)
26
R. rickettsii: diagnosis
Culture- embyonated yolks, cell (need glutamate) | immunofluorescence and ELISA, PCR
27
R. rickettsii: treatment
chloramphenicol, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines | aggressive supportive therapy and steroids, tick control
28
Coxiella burnetii in humans
Q-fever | Reportable diseases
29
Coxiella burnetii: transmission
aerosol, mechanically | direct contact with milk products, feces, repro discharges
30
Coxiella burnetii: Pathogenesis
infection of vascular, renal, and reproductive epithelia | splenomegaly, hepatitis, fever
31
Coxiella burnetii: Immunity
whole cell killed vaccine | Phase I and II
32
Coxiella burnetii: diagnosis
Tissue stains- gimenez, giemsa, Ziehl Neelsen | culture in cell or egg, serology, PCR
33
Coxiella burnetii: Treatment
antimicrobials are not effective | Chloroquine and Tetracycline
34
Ehrlichiae: general
WBC obilgate intracellular | multiply in intracellular vesicles
35
Ehrilichia canis: causes
canine monocytic ehrlichiosis
36
Ehrilichia canis: transmission
Brown dog tick
37
Ehrilichia canis: Acute clinical signs
Pancytopenia | fever, malaise, depression, inappetance, weighloss, lymphadenopathy, epitaxis
38
Ehrilichia canis: Chronic clinical signs
Dyspnea, enlarged spleen, liver, and lymph nodes | polyarthritis, CNS signs, pulmonary infiltration
39
Ehrilichia canis: diagnosis
Giemsa- stained buffy coat | culture, IFA, PCR
40
Ehrilichia canis: treatment
tetracyclines and imidocarb in acute doxycycline in late stage - poor prognosis Tick control
41
E. chaffeensis: features
Human monocytic ehrlichiosis American dog tick (Dermacentor) reservoir- deer
42
E. ewingii: features
canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis | Lone star tick (Amblyoma americanum
43
E. ruminantium: causes
African heartwater | reportable disease
44
E. ruminantium: transmission
only by parental intro into blood, Amblyomma
45
E. ruminantium: replication
replicates in reticuloendothelial cells
46
E. ruminantium: clinical signs
Per- fever and sudden death A- fever and CNS signs, death in 2-10 days, mortality 6-80% Sub- hydropericardium, hydrothorax, congestion, splenomegaly, hemorrhage
47
E. ruminantium: diagnosis
giemsa-stain | molecular and serology
48
E. ruminantium: treatment
tetracyclines | tick control, vaccine
49
Neorickettsia: general
small, non-motile, coccoid, intracytoplasmic, Gram negative | cannot be cultivated in cell-free media or embryo eggs
50
Neorickettsia: vectors
Flukes
51
Neorickettsia helminthoeca causes
Salmon poisoning disease | mild form- Elokomin fluke fever
52
N. helminthoeca: Pathogenesis
Infects lymphoreticular tissues- LN, peyer's patches | Target- canine mononuclear cells
53
Only obligatory helminth-borne pathogenic bacterium
Nanophyetus salmincola | by transovarial passage
54
N. helminthoeca: Clinical signs
Hemorrhagic diarrhea, lymphadenopathy | fever, depression, dehydration, anorexia, weightloss
55
N. helminthoeca: diagnosis
Fluke detection | IFA, PCR
56
N. helminthoeca: treatment
supportive care, tetracyclines, penicillin G do not allow consumption of raw fish, no vaccine recovered animals are immune
57
N. (Ehrlichia) risticii causes
Potomac horse fever | a.k.a- Equine monocytic ehrlichiosis, Equine scours
58
N. (Ehrlichia) risticii: target cells
monocytes, tissue macrophages, intestinal epithelial cells
59
N. (Ehrlichia) risticii: clinical signs
acute, watery diarrhea fever, anorexia, mild colic, depression, dehydration, laminitis, leukopenia mortality: 5-30%
60
N. (Ehrlichia) risticii: diagnosis
History, wright-stained blood smears | IFA, ELISA, PCR
61
N. (Ehrlichia) risticii: treatment
vaccine is questionable | tetracyclines, oxytetracyclines
62
Aegyptianella pullorum causes
Aegyptianellosis | affects poultry and wild birds
63
A. pullorum: vectors
Argus ticks
64
A. pullorum: Clinical signs
ruffled feathers, anorexia, diarrhea, anemia, hyperthermia | hepatosplenomegaly, punctiform hemorrhage
65
A. pullorum: treatement
tetracyclines | tick control

Bacti Exam 3 (7 decks)

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