Spirochetes

Question 1

Spirochete Morphology

Answer 1

Endoflagella/Axial filaments- in periplastic space

moves by translational, rotating, flexing motion

Question 2

Brachyspira: general

Answer 2

Gram (-), beta-hemolytic, oxygen tolerant anaerobe, loosely coiled

Question 3

Brachyspira: Infects

Answer 3

Grower/finisher pigs (8-16 weeks).

Can infect multiple species

Question 4

B. hyodysentreriae causes

Answer 4

Swine dysentery, pigs 6-12 weeks

Question 5

B pilosicoli causes

Answer 5

intenstinal spirochetosis in animals and humans

Question 6

Brachyspira: virulence factors

Answer 6

Cytotoxin/hemolysin

LPS

Question 7

Brachyspira: transmission

Answer 7

Fecal-oral

Question 8

Brachyspira: Pathogenesis

Answer 8

Synergisism with normal colon flora, disrupts colonic epithelium, edema/hemorrhage
Death via dehydration
Thrombosis possible by bacterial endotoxins

Question 9

Brachyspira: Clinical signs

Answer 9

Lesions only in large intestine, sharp lines of demarcation. Fibrinonecrotic pseudomembranous colitis
Bloody diarrhea, dehydration, weight loss. Mortality ~40%

Question 10

Brachyspira: Diagnosis

Answer 10

Direct staining of feces or tissues with Wright’s Giemsa, victoria blue stain
Anaerobic culture, PCR, silver staining with Histo

Question 11

Brachyspira must be differentiated from ___

Answer 11

Salmonellosis

Question 12

Brachyspira: Treatment

Answer 12

Tiamulin, Tylosin, Gentamicin
Infected animals develop immunity
Whole cell bacterin vaccines

Question 13

Treponema brennabroense has been isolated in causing

Answer 13

Papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD)

a.k.a- Hairy heel warts, strawberry foot disease

Question 14

PDD: clinical signs

Answer 14

foot lesions, lameness, decreased milk production, decreased repro

Question 15

PDD: treatment

Answer 15

spraying feet with tetracycline

Question 16

Treponema paraluis-cuniculi- causes

Answer 16

Rabbit syphilis or Vent disease

Question 17

Treponema paraluis-cuniculi: clinical signs

Answer 17

perineal and facial lesions, epidermal hyperplasia, erosions, ulcers

Question 18

TPC: transmission

Answer 18

direct or venereal contact

Question 19

Borrelia: general

Answer 19

transmitted by arthropod

linear chromosome

Question 20

B. burgdorferi causes

Answer 20

Lyme disease

Question 21

Borrelia Virulence factors

Answer 21

LPS

OSP- antigen variation in major outer surface lipoproteins

Question 22

Lyme disease is transmitted by

Answer 22

Ixodes spp. requires ~50 hrs of attachment

most common vector borne disease

Question 23

Lyme: pathogenesis

Answer 23

Inoculated in the skin, spread via BS to all over the body

Incubation 2-6 months

Question 24

Common first sign of lyme in humans

Answer 24

skin rash- often in “Bull’s eye” shape

Question 25

Canine Lyme is usually subclinical ___ % of the time

Answer 25

95%

Question 26

Lyme clinical signs

Answer 26

fever, acute arthritis, arthralgia, lameness | also seen is anorexia, lethargy, depression

Question 27

Lyme Diagnosis

Answer 27

Direct detection, Culture (slow), serology | western blot, SNAP, ELISAm paired titer

Question 28

Lyme treatment

Answer 28

Doxycycline, vector control. Lyme vaccine (reduces incidence, does not prevent disease)

Question 29

Leptospira: classification

Answer 29

>250 serovars based on carbohydrate component of LPS

Question 30

Leptospira is found in

Answer 30

Renal and genital tracts of revservoirs (rats) | short survival in environment

Question 31

Leptospira: virulence factors

Answer 31

Cell asso.- endoflagella, outer membrane proteins, LPS | Extracell- hemolysins, protein cytotoxins

Question 32

Leptospiro: clinical signs

Answer 32

acute fibrile illness, renal/hepatic injury, uvenitis, pul. hemorrhage, abortion, icterus

Question 33

Leptospiro: diagonsis

Answer 33

detect agent- darkfield microscopy, PCR Detect host response- microscopic aggulation test (Gold standard), ELISA Culture normally not preformed

Question 34

Mortality runs about ___% of the time and ____% of survivors suffer from chronic renal failure

Answer 34

Mortality: 11-27% Renal: 33-40%

Question 35

3 ideal samples to detect lepto

Answer 35

Blood, urine, Serum

Question 36

Lepto: treatment

Answer 36

Supportive care, antimicrobials, Penicillins- acute stage Doxycyclines- minimize carriers Vaccine

Question 37

Lepto in ruminants: clinical signs

Answer 37

high fever, anemia, hemoglobinuria, jaundice | "Milk drop syndrome"- less severe form

Question 38

L. borgpetersennii causes

Answer 38

repro failure in cattle

Question 39

Lepto in ruminants: treatment

Answer 39

tetracyclines, ceftiofur | borgipetersenii vaccine

Question 40

Lepto in horses

Answer 40

abortions and systemic illness in foals, renal failure | role in Equine recurrent uveitis

Question 41

Lepto in humans

Answer 41

most widespread zoonotic disease flu-like illness severe- Weil's disease (LPHA): renal/hepatic failure