rio de Janeiro

Question 1

where is rio located?

Answer 1

it is situated around Guanabara bay in the south east of Brazil.

Question 2

why is rio important

Answer 2

• it is an important industrial and financial centre
• it is a major regional, national and international centre for many companies
• it is an international transport hub

Question 3

how and why has rio grown

Answer 3

natural increase- most migrants are young leading to a high birth rate and low death rate. This is due to better health care and social services.
international migration- most migrants move to rio from other parts of Brazil. this is due to the result of push and pull factors.

Question 4

how has the urban growth created social opportunities

Answer 4

• high levels of investment in rio have created features such as rios olympics
• many of rios international migrants are skilled workers so they help boost the diversity of the city
• money has been invested in health care and education

Question 5

how much has the health care cover increased in some slum areas

Answer 5

4-70%

Question 6

what teams have provided health care up to how many people

Answer 6

-family health teams
-up to 3000 people each

Question 7

how many primary, secondary and universities are there in rio

Answer 7

-over 1000 primary schools
-400 secondary schools
-6 universities

Question 8

in favelas how is education improving

Answer 8

NGOs are working with communities to improve education

Question 9

how is the government helping with education

Answer 9

the government provide grants to help children remain in school

Question 10

what percent of the city has access to safe water and what percent of houses in favelas are connected

Answer 10

96% of the city has access to safe piped water but only 88% of houses in the favelas are connected.

Question 11

what percent of the houses have direct access to electricity

Answer 11

about 99%

Question 12

how have industrial areas stimulated economic development

Answer 12

• a rapidly expanding service and quaternary sector
• established traditional manufacturing industries

Question 13

how have local people benefited economic development

Answer 13

they have secure employment, increasing disposable incomes and better and better health care and education

Question 14

have local communities benefited from investment

Answer 14

particularly the communities in the favelas have benefited from investment and self help projects improving service provision

Question 15

what are the challenges of managing slums or squatter settlements

Answer 15

rio has not been able to build enough housing for the rapidly growing population. The majority of the population have to live in slums or squatter settlements.

Question 16

what are some of the conditions in the slums

Answer 16

• they are dangerously overcrowded
• they don’t have enough bathrooms and lighting for the population
• they are owned by landlords that charge high rents

Question 17

what are some of the challenges of living in favelas due to the construction

Answer 17

• initially the houses were poorly built, but now they are mostly built from concrete.
• heavy rain can cause land slides on steep slopes

Question 18

challenges due to unemployment

Answer 18

unemployment rates are as high as 20%
average incomes may be less than 75 pounds a month

Question 19

challenges due to services

Answer 19

non improved favelas:
12% of homes have no running water
30% have no electricity
50% have no sewage connections

Question 20

challenges due to crime

Answer 20

-a high made rate of 20 per 1000 people in many favelas
-drug gangs can dominate

Question 21

challenges due to health

Answer 21

-infant mortality rate are as high as 50 per 1000 people
-waste can build up in the street, increasing the danger of disease

Question 22

what percent of rio does not have access to running clean water

Answer 22

12%

Question 23

why does some of the city not have access to running water

Answer 23

the city does not have a duty to supply water to household in favelas where there Is no legal proof of ownership

Question 24

why is there a result in a cut of water

Answer 24

this is due to poor maintenance and leakages

Question 25

what percentage of of rios waste is dumped into the bay

Answer 25

about 35% of rios sewage is transferred in open sewers and dumped into the bay

Question 26

how many tonnes flow into the bay

Answer 26

150 metric tonnes which may be toxic or contaminated flow into the bay

Question 27

why are many houses in favelas not connected to the sewage systems

Answer 27

this is because of legal land and ownership issues

Question 28

what percentage of all homes in rio have access to electricity

Answer 28

about 99%

Question 29

what is common in the favelas to access electricity and what can this lead to

Answer 29

illegal tapping of electricity supply this can lead to fires and blackouts

Question 30

why is demand for energy rising

Answer 30

this is due to rios growing population and expanding industrial sector

Question 31

how many years less do people in favelas live

Answer 31

- favela residents live 13 years less then people in wealthier parts of rio.

Question 32

how many health clinics are there for what population

Answer 32

there are only 2 health clinics for a population of about 100,000

Question 33

why do many people suffer from disease

Answer 33

this is because of poor sanitation and the lack of safe water

Question 34

what percent of what aged people can read and write and why

Answer 34

90% of children aged 10 can read and write because there are more schools is rio compared with rural areas

Question 35

however what percent of the poorest children do not attend school regularly

Answer 35

25%

Question 36

only half the amount of children carry on with education beyond the age 14 why

Answer 36

- a shortage of local schools - teenage pregnancy - many children are expected to work

Question 37

what are some of the reasons of the high rates of unemployment

Answer 37

- economic recession in 2015 - an economic crisis in 2018 when people lost there jobs in public services - the 2016 Olympics created only a few long term employment opportunities

Question 38

since 2017 how much has the murder rate increased

Answer 38

increases by 20%

Question 39

who do the police normally target

Answer 39

they regularly target drug gangs in the favelas

Question 40

how many tonnes of waste a year does rio produces and how much is recycled

Answer 40

3.5 million tonnes each yeah. And less then 2% is recycled

Question 41

why is it hard to collect waste in the favelas

Answer 41

this is due to the narrow, steep streets. This causes much of the waste to enter the rivers

Question 42

what is the water pollution threatening is Guanabara Bay

Answer 42

since it is highly polluted it is threatening wildlife, fishing and tourism

Question 43

why are the rivers causing the pollution into the bay

Answer 43

this is because the rivers flowing into the bay are heavily polluted with sewage and waste

Question 44

what is another reason of the bay being contaminated

Answer 44

this is because of industrial waste, oil spills, and ship discharges

Question 45

what has air pollution caused

Answer 45

it is estimated that the air pollution causes 5000 deaths per year

Question 46

what was the favela Bairro Project

Answer 46

this was a US$1 billion 'slum to neighborhood' project that aimed to integrate rios favelas into the fabric of the city

Question 47

what are some of the social aims for the project

Answer 47

- daycare and after school care so that adults can seek stable employment - improving adult literacy - medical services for drug addiction and victims for domestic violence

Question 48

what are the some of the economic aims for the project

Answer 48

- inhabitants can apply to own their properties legally - access to credit to allow people to buy materials to improve their homes

Question 49

what are some environmental aims for the project

Answer 49

- replacement of wooden buildings to brick - removal of houses from dangerous steep slopes - infrastructure improvements - improved access for waste collection and emergency services

Question 50

how has the project been successful

Answer 50

- by 2005 around 100 favelas were improved - residents were granted land ownership, roads paved, and childcare opened - the quality of life improved considerably training was made available in a lot of different areas

Question 51

what are some of the issues of the project

Answer 51

- basic literacy was not addressed - some of the new infrastructure improvements were costly and were not maintained - some of the rents were increased - new raised pavements have caused flooding of homes - diseases from things such as malaria have not reduced