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Rioja Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Who introduced winemaking to La Rioja

A

The Phoenicians

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2
Q

Give LARGE high level overview of history from 2nd through 14th Century

A

Romans (2nd C), Visigoths, Moors (early 8th C), Moors defeated by Christians 14th C (Castile control)

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3
Q

Primary monastery in 14th C

A

San Milan de la Cogola - Suso and Yuso

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4
Q

Rioja was exported via Bilbao late 13th C by the …

A

Dutch and English

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5
Q

How were wines of Rioja safeguarded starting in 1560

A

Prohibited use of grapes outside or Rioja, transported in specific vessels, branded with a seal

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6
Q

In 1787, what id the Real Sociedad Economica de Cosecheros de Rioja do?

A

Further protected Rioja wines - regulations of vine cultivation, wine production, and wine exportation

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7
Q

La Rioja was named ____ as a independent province in 1833

A

Province of Logrono

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8
Q

Who were the two men with greatest influence in direction of wine industry in Rioja in the mid to late 1800s

A

Marques de Murrieta and Marques de Riscal - brought viticultural techniques from France

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9
Q

When was Rioja devasted by Powdery Mildew

A

1850s

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10
Q

When was Rioja recognized as DO

A

1925 - Consejo Regulador in 1926

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11
Q

When was Province of Logrono renamed to La Rioja as autonomous community

A

1980

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12
Q

When did La Rioja get DOCa

A

1991

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13
Q

La Rioja is Spains X smallest region

A

2nd Smallest

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14
Q

Capital of La Rioja

A

Logrono

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15
Q

Rioja (wine region) covers what autonomous regions

A

North of La Rioja proper (69%), south Pais Vasco (Alava 20%), south Navarra (11%)

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16
Q

Climate of La Rioja

A

Continental with hot dry summers and ample sun, mild autumns, cold winters, frost in spring

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17
Q

Which regions in La Rioja get maritime influences

A

All three: Alavesa and Alta from Bay of Biscay, and Oriental from Mediterranean

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18
Q

Which regions in La Rioja get most rainfall

A

Alavesa and Alta

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19
Q

La Rioja north bordering mountains are:

A

Montes Obarenes and Sierra de Tolono (part of Sierra de Cantabria)

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20
Q

Mountains in south bordering La Rioja:

A

Sierra de la Demanda (West of Sistema Iberico) and Sierra de Cameros

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21
Q

Largest peak in La Rioja

A

Monte San Lorenzo (Sierra de la Demanda)

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22
Q

Why is La Rioja sometimes called Zone of Seven Valleys

A

Because of the seven tributaries to the Ebro forming individual valleys

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23
Q

What is the Cierzo

A

A anticyclone wind over the Bay of Biscay blowing N/NW down the Ebro with high winds (usually in fall or winter). Chases away humidity

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24
Q

3 types of soil (and where) in La Rioja

A

Chalky (calcareous) clay (steep terraces of Cordillera Cantabria), Ferrous clay (low mountains of Right bank of Ebro and lower hillsides), Alluvial (throughout Alta and Oriental and banks of Ebro river tributaries)

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25
How deep do alluvial soils go in La Rioja
3.3ft / 1m. Before hitting limestone hard pan
26
What percentages of La Rioja are alluvial, ferrous clay, and chalky clay
45%, 25%, 30%
27
Where did Tempranillo originate
Upper Ebro River Valley
28
Was Tempranillo always the main grape in la Rioja
No, due to phylloxera, much of French was grown. Until 1970s more Garnacha was grown than Tempranillo
29
Percentage of Tempranillo in La Rioja plantings
75% (and 88% of all reds)
30
Where in La Rioja does Tempranillo thrive
Higher elevations of Alavesa and Alta
31
What are the other blending partners of Tempranillo
Garnacha Tinta, Mazuelo (Carinena) and Graciano
32
Why is Tempranillo usually blended
B/c by itself it yields low alcohol
33
Main plantings or oriental
Garnacha Tinta
34
What does Garnacha add to a blend
Higher alcohol, fruit
35
What do Mazuelo and Graciano add
Color, tannin, acidity and spice
36
What are the typical percentages of a red La Rioja blend
60-80% Tempranillo 20% Garnacha Small percent of Mazuelo and Graciano
37
Primary white grape of vino blanco, and what others are allowed
Viura (Macabeo) - 69% of all white plantings, Chardonnay, SB, Verdejo
38
Main grape for rosadas
Garnacha Tinta
39
Waht is Vara y Pulgar
Pruning method - stick and thumb - each vine grows from a single trunk with two arms and production alternates between them each year. One are is cut back to a single spur with 1 or 2 buds (thumb), the other arm is a cane with 7 to 8 buds (stick). This stick produces fruit bearing shoots
40
What are cosecheros
Grape growers produce young red wine using semi-carbonic maceration.
41
What area of La Rioja is still known for its cosecheros
Rioja Alavesa
42
Percentage of reds in La Rioja
90%
43
For red wines what percentage of the grapes must be red
95% if destemmed, 85% if whole bunches
44
Primary oak for barrel aging
American
45
Is carbonic maceration allowed in La Rioja
Yes, it is common in young wines
46
Requirement for vinos Blancos
100% authorized white (9 varieties)
47
Which is the smallest and which is the largest region in La Rioja - by vineyard area
Alavesa is smallest (21%), Alta the largest (42%)
48
Which region is the most historic zone of La Rioja
Alta
49
Where are most of La Rioja’s oldest wineries found?
Barrio de la Estacion in Haro
50
Percentage of Garnacha and Tempranillo in Oriental
44% Garnacha, 38% Tempranillo
51
Primary soil in Alavesa, Alta, and Oriental
Calcareous Clay; Calcarious/Ferrous clay, alluvial; Ferrous Clay, Alluvium
52
Requirements all aged wines in La Rioja must adhere to
Oak barrels of 225 liters (barriques) No oak chips or staves Uninterrupted aging in oak Aging of blancos and rosadas must have pre-approval for Consejo Regulador If white grapes incorporated in reds (5% max for destemmed, 15% max for whole cluster)
53
Name the four aging categories in La Rioja
Generico (used to be Joven) Crianza Reserva Gran Reserva
54
Time in barrel, time in Bottle, and time before release for Generico
No minimums
55
Time in barrel, time in bottle, and time before release for Crianza
R: 12, no min, min of 2 calendar years from Oct of harvest year W: 6, no min, min of 2 calendar years form Oct of harvest year
56
Time in Barrel, in bottle and time before release of Reserva
R: 12, 6, 36 W: 6, no min, 24
57
Time in barrel, bottle, and time before release of Gran Reserva
R: 24, 24, 60 W: 6, no min, 48
58
What % of wines are Generico, Crianza, Reserva, and Gran Rererva
40%, 40%, 18%, 2%
59
What is the smallest metallic strip depicting parts of DOCa logo and Rioja on the bottle called
Rioja Trustseal
60
What is Rioja’s oldest winery
Bodegas R. Lopez de Heredia Vina Tondonia
61
What are Vinedos Singulares
Individual vineyard classification
62
What are wines called from a specific village
Vinos de Municipio
63
What are vinos de zona
Wineries in famed subzones (Alta, Alavesa, oriental) can capitalize on the zone’s reputation - oriental is rare
64
Requirements for Vinedos Singulares
Single vineyard Purchased grapes must have a 10+ year partnership 35+ yo vines Yield >20% below DOCa Hand harvest Production traceability
65
Requirements for Vinos the Municipio
Winery must be located in the village 85%+ of the grapes must come from within the municipality (10+ year partnership) Production traceability
66
Requirements for vinos de Zona
85%+ of grapes from within the zone If grapes purchased must be 10+ year partnership Production traceability
67
What are the sparkling wines of La Rioja called
Either Cava or Espumosos de Calidad de Rioja
68
Min aging for sparkling
15 mo
69
Two extended aging designations for sparkling
Reserva and Gran reserva
70
Grapes allowed for sparkling - Espumosaos de Calidad de Rioja
Any and all authorized grapes of Rioja
71
3 sweetness levels allowed for sparkling
Brut nature, Extra brut, brut
72
Alcohol requirement for espumosos
Between 11-13%
73
Min requirement for red in espumoso rosado
25%
74
Min aging for espomoso Reserva
24months
75
Min aging for espumoso gran Reserva
36 mo

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