RISE OF FILIPINO PATRIOTISM Flashcards
is a deep and often passionate love, loyalty, and devotion to one’s country. It involves a strong sense of attachment and pride in one’s nation, its history, culture, values and people.
Patriotism
For 256 years, Filipinas was ruled by the Spanish crown indirectly via a viceroyalty system called the _________.
This direct rule was the start of real Spanish oppression, i.e., discrimination. But this discrimination was more racial than racist, and it was directed not toward the indios or natives (Tagálog, Cebuano, Ilocano, etc.) but toward fellow Spaniards.
Virreinato de Nueva España or the Viceroyalty of New Spain
was a Spaniard born in Spain.
peninsular
was a Spaniard born and bred in our country.
insular
People involved in the rise of Filipino Patriotism (4)
- Luis Rodríguez-Varela
- Mariano Gomez
- Jose Burgos
- Jacinto Zamora
was a Filipino priest and recognized as “El Conde Filipino” (the Filipino count), whom advocated for reforms within the Catholic Church.
Luis Rodríguez Varela, often referred to as Jose Varela
Luis Manuel Valentín Rodríguez-Varela y Sancena
As a Criollo and an ilustrado, he pursued his education in France and subsequently authored a series of books promoting societal transformation in the Philippines. Enlightenment ideals and the French Revolution deeply influenced his works.
Jose Varela
Varela’s Contribution to the rise of Filipino Patriotism
- Advocacy for Church Reforms that aims to address:
- Empowerment of Secular Clergy
- Reduction of Religious Orders’ Influence
- Efficiency and Accountability
How did Varela advocated secularization?
- Writing and Correspondence
- Engagement with Fellow Clergy
- Preaching and Sermons
was a collaborator and supporter of Varela’s ideas for social and economic reform in the Philippines. Together, they worked towards these goals/
Jose Ortega
Varela’s famous works and article (3)
- Philippine Parnasus
- Historic Proclamation
- “a crime against a native should be more severely punished than a crime committed against a fellow Spaniard.”
Expulsion by Governor Juan Antonio Martínez:
Varela, Ortega, and other like-minded individuals were expelled from the Philippines in 1823. They were accused of ___________, as their ideas and actions were perceived as threats to Spanish rule.
conspiring against the colonial authorities
GOMBURZA
- Mariano Gomez (August 2, 1799-February 17, 1872)
- José Burgos (Feb. 9, 1837- February 17, 1872)
- Jacinto Zamora (August 14, 1835-February 17, 1872)
A native Filipino priest who was an outspoken advocate for reforms within the Church. He was involved in various aspects of the church and worked to empower native clergy.
Mariano Gomez
Another native Filipino priest who advocated for reforms and the equal treatment of Filipino clergy. He was known for his support of secularization and greater opportunities for Filipino priests.
José Apolonio Burgos
