Rise of Mussolini and creation of a fascist dictatorship 1919-26

Question 1

How many men did Italy lose in WW1?

Answer 1

600,000

Question 2

Who did Alfredo Dallolio organise the recruitment of to the workforce?

Answer 2

Women and peasants

Question 3

Who did Italy owe most of their debt to?

Answer 3

Britain and USA

Question 4

Who was the Italian PM that went to the Versailles conference?

Answer 4

Vittorio Orlando

Question 5

Which territory did Italy demand on top of the promised Treaty of London lands?

Answer 5

The port of Fiume

Question 6

Which 3 men dominated the proceedings at the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 6

Woodrow Wilson (USA), David Lloyd George (UK), George Clemenceau (France)

Question 7

Who led the soldiers that occupied Fiume?

Answer 7

Gabriele D’Annunzio

Question 8

What were the Red Years?

Answer 8

Biennio Rosso 1919-20

Question 9

What were the PPI?

Answer 9

Political party representing Catholic ideals and interests.

Question 10

When was the occupation of Fiume?

Answer 10

1919-1920

Question 11

What political party was formed March 1919?

Answer 11

Fasci di Combattimento (Fascists)

Question 12

What was the rule of the trenches?

Answer 12

Where only those who fought in the war could have a say in how the country was run or hold office.

Question 13

Who were the ras?

Answer 13

Mussolini’s deputies who led squadristi factions

Question 14

Which party was formed October 1921?

Answer 14

Partito Nazionale Fascista (PNF)

Question 15

When did Mussolini resign?

Answer 15

18th August 1921

Question 16

Who were the PCI?

Answer 16

Communists backed by Russia

Question 17

Who was King of Italy during the march on Rome?

Answer 17

Victor Emmanuel III

Question 18

When was the march on Rome?

Answer 18

29-31st October 1922

Question 19

What were the Quadrumvirs?

Answer 19

4 most senior Fascist commanders

Question 20

What did Mussolini threaten in his maiden speech to Parliament?

Answer 20

To unleash violence if he needed to

Question 21

What was the purpose of the Fascist Grand Council?

Answer 21

To circumvent the power of the governmental cabinet

Question 22

What was the purpose of the MVSN?

Answer 22

To support the police and army as a formal militia and bring the squadristi under closer control

Question 23

What did the Acerbo Law allow a party to do if they achieved 25% of the vote?

Answer 23

Hold a 2/3 majority in Parliament

Question 24

Why was the Acerbo Law irrelevant after the April election of 1924?

Answer 24

Mussolini and the PNF achieved 66.3% of the vote

Question 25

What was the name of the leader of the PCI who was murdered in June 1924?

Answer 25

Giacomo Matteoti

Question 26

What happened on the 13th June 1924?

Answer 26

The Aventine Secession

Question 27

What happened on the 3rd January 1925?

Answer 27

Mussolini announced the dictatorship

Question 28

What position did Farinacci and Turati both hold in the PNF for a time?

Answer 28

Secretary of the party

Question 29

What new position did Mussolini create to replace local governments that was under his control?

Answer 29

Podesta

Question 30

What happened to the 100 members of the Aventine Secession after Mussolini became dictator?

Answer 30

They are permanently excluded from Parliament

Question 31

Head of Government and Duce of Fascism replaced what Italian governmental title?

Answer 31

Prime Minister

Question 32

What date did Mussolini announce himself as dictator?

Answer 32

3rd January 1925

Question 33

Freedom of the press was removed after Tito Zaniboni did what?

Answer 33

Tried to assassinate Mussolini

Question 34

What did the Palazzo Vidoni pact do?

Answer 34

Created a Fascist Trade Union and banned all others

Question 35

What percentage did the fascists get in the general election of 6th April 1924?

Answer 35

66.3%

Question 36

After his maiden speech to Parliament what was Mussolini granted?

Answer 36

Emergency powers

Question 37

What year was Giacomo Matteotti murdered?

Answer 37

1924

Question 38

What was the name of the king who was killed in 1900?

Answer 38

Umberto I

Question 39

Between 1900-1911 there were over 1500 what?

Answer 39

Strikes

Question 40

What date was the March on Rome?

Answer 40

28th October 1922

Question 41

What happened to the ANI (the first Italian nationalist party) to secure them as an ally of the PNF and not a threat?

Answer 41

They were absorbed by the PNF

Question 42

How did Mussolini get the support of the Catholic church for his bid for total control and reduce support for the PPI?

Answer 42

Crucifixes in school, increased clerical pay

Question 43

“I could have made this grey, toneless Chamber a bivouac for my troops,” Is an extract from what speech?

Answer 43

Mussolini's maiden speech to parliament

Question 44

Mussolini requests what for a year and gets it with a vote of 306 to 116?

Answer 44

Emergency powers

Question 45

What is the name of the group that replaces the Italian cabinet?

Answer 45

The Fascist Grand Council

Question 46

The MVSN was the formalisation of what key element of the fascist party into a controllable force?

Answer 46

The squadristi

Question 47

Who did the MVSN swear direct loyalty to?

Answer 47

Mussolini

Question 48

What was the name of the law that stated 2/3 of the seats in parliament should go to the party with 25% of the vote?

Answer 48

The Acerbo Law

Question 49

In the lead up to the election of 6th April 1924 what happened to Antonio Piccinini and other representatives of the PSI?

Answer 49

They were murdered

Question 50

Mussolini won 64% of the vote which two former Italian Prime Ministers were included on the fascists 'National List'?

Answer 50

Orlando and Salandra

Question 51

What was the name of the fascist youth group for boys?

Answer 51

Balilla

Question 52

What was the purpose of the Opera Nazionale Dopolavoro?

Answer 52

Social organisation for workers

Question 53

By 1926 what had happened to left wing papers such as Avanti?

Answer 53

Shut down

Question 54

In 1937 there was a celebration of the 2000th birthday of which Ancient Roman?

Answer 54

Augustus Caesar

Question 55

What was the name of Mussolini's cult of personality?

Answer 55

The Cult of il Duce

Question 56

What was the name for political exile in the South of Italy?

Answer 56

Confino

Question 57

What were the OVRA?

Answer 57

The secret police

Question 58

Name one of the anti-Semitic measures introduced by Mussolini from 1937 onwards?

Answer 58

Jews can't marry Italians, own certain amounts of land, businesses and schools shut down

Question 59

What did the title 'First Marshal of the Empire' confer on the holder?

Answer 59

Supreme command of Italian armed forces

Question 60

What was the role of the podesta?

Answer 60

A local level governor of an area of Italy