Rivers

Question 1

What shape of land do you get near the source of a river.

Answer 1

A v-shaped valley

Question 2

What shape of land do you get in the middle course

Answer 2

a u-shaped valley

Question 3

Where does the river begin

Answer 3

the hills and mountains

Question 4

Where is the river at its narrowest

Answer 4

the upper course

Question 5

Where is the river at its fastest

Answer 5

the lower course

Question 6

Where is the at highest altitude

Answer 6

the upper course

Question 7

Where does most of the erosion and transportation take place.

Answer 7

The upper course

Question 8

Where is the river is wider

Answer 8

The middle course

Question 9

Where does the river get closer to the sea level

Answer 9

The middle course

Question 10

Where does the river speed up

Answer 10

the middle course

Question 11

here would you find oxbow lakes

Answer 11

The middle course

Question 12

The river is at sea level

Answer 12

the lower course

Question 13

The river is at its widest

Answer 13

the lower course

Question 14

The river reaches the sea

Answer 14

the lower course

Question 15

The river deposits the remaining sediment.

Answer 15

the lower course

Question 16

What are the four types of erosion

Answer 16

hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition and solution.

Question 17

What is Hydraulic action

Answer 17

The sheer force of water hitting the beds and banks of the river.

Question 18

What is abrasion

Answer 18

When particles rub against the river bed in sandpaper effect

Question 19

What is attrition

Answer 19

when the particle bump into each other and become smoother and rounder.

Question 20

What is solution/corrosion (erosion)

Answer 20

when chemicals in the water break down the particles.

Question 21

What are the three types of weathering

Answer 21

Biological, chemical and physical

Question 22

What is physical weathering

Answer 22

When water seeps into a rock freezes and leaves a crack. this happens until the rock is split in half.

Question 23

What is biological weathering

Answer 23

when tree roots crack rocks.

Question 24

What is chemical weathering

Answer 24

When chemicals in rain break down the rock.

Question 25

Is limestone soft or hard rock

Answer 25

soft

Question 26

Is granite soft or hard rock

Answer 26

hard

Question 27

Name the four types of transportation

Answer 27

traction, saltation, suspension and solution

Question 28

What is traction

Answer 28

When large rocks or boulders are rolled along the river bed.

Question 29

What is saltation

Answer 29

When small rocks are bounced along the river bed.

Question 30

What is suspension

Answer 30

When pebbles are carried by the current

Question 31

What is saltation (transportation)

Answer 31

When dissolved particles are carried along by the current.

Question 32

What is a drainage basin

Answer 32

the are of land which a river drains

Question 33

What is the water shed

Answer 33

The divide line between river basins

Question 34

What is a tributary

Answer 34

a smaller river which feeds into a larger river

Question 35

What is a confluence

Answer 35

Where the smaller river joins the larger one

Question 36

What is deposition

Answer 36

When material or load is deposited or dropped off due to the river losing energy

Question 37

What do you call the bottom of a a water fall

Answer 37

a plunge pool

Question 38

How does a water fall occur

Answer 38

You have hard rock on top of soft rock and the water erodes the soft rock creating overhang through hydraulic action and abrasion, making an overhang and a plunge pool. The over hang collapses and an undercut occurs. the water retreats and a gorge is created when through hydraulic action.

Question 39

How does a rapid occur?

Answer 39

There would be soft rock surrounding hard rock, and through hydraulic action the soft rock erodes through hydraulic action, but the hard rock doesn't so the water crashes into the hard rock making rapids

Question 40

How does an oxbow lake occur

Answer 40

You start with a meander and when the bend is to narrow the river will take the shorter route and cut off the meander, depositing the load and forming an ox bow lake.

Question 41

What are Meanders

Answer 41

the inner bend has less energy and deposits some load, on the inner bend, which creates a beach. On the outer bend there is erosion as the water has more energy, which creates a river cliff with an undercut similar to a waterfall.

Question 42

Where does a floodplain occur

Answer 42

the lower course

Question 43

What benefits to floodplains have

Answer 43

agriculture, easy to build on and minerals are deposited.

Question 44

What are floodplains

Answer 44

Areas that are flat and have very fertile soil.

Question 45

Where do levees occur

Answer 45

the lower course

Question 46

How are levees

Answer 46

When the river floods, load is deposited creating a hill around the river. A man made example would be an embankment.

Question 47

Where would you find a delta

Answer 47

the lower course

Question 48

Where would you find an estuary

Answer 48

the lower course

Question 49

What is an estuary

Answer 49

The place where the river meets the sea

Question 50

What are the three different types of sources

Answer 50

glaciers, precipitation and springs.

Question 51

Where can the mouth of a river be

Answer 51

a lake, a larger river or the sea.

Question 52

What is precipitation

Answer 52

Rain, snow or hail

Question 53

What is condensation

Answer 53

When water vapour turns into liquid creating clouds

Question 54

What is evaporation

Answer 54

When the sun turns liquid into vapour

Question 55

sublimation

Answer 55

When vapour turns straight into ice

Question 56

What is the difference between erosion and weathering

Answer 56

Erosion is when the rock is in motion whereas weathering is when the rock is stationary

Question 57

What is a levee

Answer 57

a ridge of sediment deposited naturally alongside a river by overflowing water.