Rivers

Question 1

what is primary data

Answer 1

Data collected first hand

Question 2

What is data called when its already been published

Answer 2

Secondary data

Question 3

What type of data uses words

Answer 3

Qualitative

Question 4

Quantitive data is what kind

Answer 4

Data using numbers

Question 5

Random selecting is data collected by chance, give an example

Answer 5

Bedrock-eyes closed

Question 6

Systematic data is where each chosen site has an equal distance between them. Give an example

Answer 6

The depth of a river measured every 0.25m

Question 7

What sampling uses study areas which have significantly differently parts, give an example

Answer 7

Stratified sampling, such as measuring the discharge in the upper course vs the lower course

Question 8

Which method involved a piece of string either side of the bank and measured?

Answer 8

Width

Question 9

What was a strength and a weakness of measuring the width?

Answer 9

Strength- accurate

Weakness-not reliable

Question 10

How many rocks were gathered when collecting bedload samples

Answer 10

36

Question 11

How was collecting bedrock not reliable

Answer 11

Different people have could have had different opinions on the shape of the rock based on the angle

Question 12

which method involved dropping an orange/cork in the river?

Answer 12

Velocity

Question 13

Why was the velocity method ineffective upstream? Why was it effective

Answer 13

Ineffective-Cork got stuck in rocks

Effective-repeated 3times

Question 14

what was the distance between each measurement for the depth?

Answer 14

1metre

Question 15

Further downstream the width, depth and velocity do what

Answer 15

Increase

Question 16

Why did depth and width increase downstream?

Answer 16

More energy gathered by the time its in the in lower course, meaning more erosion on either bank

Question 17

Is velocity slower or faster in the upper course?why

Answer 17

Slower because of the large bedload

Question 18

Flood risk high or lower in the middle course?

Answer 18

Higher

Question 19

What does the recreational land create?

Answer 19

A floodplain

Question 20

The drainage basin increases flood risk because (1reason)

Answer 20

Impermeable land that leads to drains (i to the river)

Question 21

which rock is formed by smaller particles deposited in layers, found in the majority of England.

Answer 21

Sedimentary

Question 22

Example of each rock type:

Answer 22

Sedimentary:limestone
Metamorphic:slate
Igneous:granite

Question 23

What rock is formed by existing rocks being compressed by heat and pressure, forming layers?

Answer 23

Metamorphic

Question 24

Where are metamorphic rocks found?

Answer 24

Northern Scotland

Question 25

Igneous rock is formed when?

Answer 25

Magma/lava cools to form smooth, solid crystals

Question 26

North East Northern Island is where which rock type is found?

Answer 26

Igneous

Question 27

How is the South Downs escarpment formed?

Answer 27

Chalk has been eroded, leaving clay vales exposed

Question 28

What three factors make up South Downs

Answer 28

Agriculture Forestry Settlements

Question 29

How much agriculture is there in the South downs?

Answer 29

85%

Question 30

Name the four river processes

Answer 30

Weathering Erosion Transportation Deposition

Question 31

Name a type of physical weathering

Answer 31

Freeze thaw

Question 32

Name a type if chemical and biological weathering

Answer 32

Acid rain | Plant growth in cracks

Question 33

Name the four types of erosion

Answer 33

Hydraulic action Abrasion Attrition Solution

Question 34

Name the four types of transportation and what they are

Answer 34

Traction-big rocks on bed Saltation-small rocks on bed Suspension-fine material in water Solution-minerals in water

Question 35

When a river loses energy and drops material, what is this

Answer 35

Deposition

Question 36

Where is deposition commonly found and what can it form?

Answer 36

The lower course and can cause deltas

Question 37

Name the 8 river land forms

Answer 37

``` Interlocking spurs Waterfalls Meanders Oxbow lakes Floodplains Levees Deltas ```

Question 38

What is an antecedent condition

Answer 38

what the ground is like before a rainfall

Question 39

When trees or man made objects get in the way of rain reaching the ground surface-what is this

Answer 39

Interception

Question 40

When percolation occurs what happens to the water?

Answer 40

It seeps deeper below the surface

Question 41

What is throughflow

Answer 41

When water in the soil flows parallel to the surface

Question 42

What is groundwater flow

Answer 42

Water that flows through the rock parallel to the surface

Question 43

water stored in a rock is called what

Answer 43

Groundwater

Question 44

Soil moisture is what

Answer 44

Water held in the soil

Question 45

A water table is the measure of what in the soil

Answer 45

Saturated ground

Question 46

Positive comments on the suitability of the site: | 4 reasons

Answer 46

1. Close proximity to each other 2. sites look safe not too wide or deep 3. wide variety of results 4. mix of urban and countryside

Question 47

What is a dip slope

Answer 47

Land that follows the same gentle slope as the layers of rock underneath

Question 48

Limestone pavements are found where and what are they

Answer 48

Carbonic rain seeps into the permeable joints in the soft limestone at malham cove, this creates grykes

Question 49

What is an erratic

Answer 49

A rock or boulder that are found on their own in an unusual shape after a glacier

Question 50

What did the collision of the Eurasian and African plate millions of years ago result in the formation of? Example

Answer 50

the alps and the folding and uplift of sedimentary rocks in the UK for example- chalk escarpments in the South Downs

Question 51

What happened the past million years?❄️ | Example

Answer 51

The ice age eroded glacier v shaped valleys into U shaped valleys, found in the Lake district

Question 52

What is a vertical crack within a layer of rock called

Answer 52

A dike

Question 53

Scarpslope is a steep slope that cuts through what

Answer 53

The layers of rock underneith

Question 54

A two flat dimensional surface is called a what

Answer 54

Plane

Question 55

A tor is a _____ of granite found at the top of a ____

Answer 55

Block, hill

Question 56

What is a joint

Answer 56

A vertical crack within a layer of rock