Rle 109 Flashcards by Tweille Lino

a substance administered for the diagnosis, cure, treatment or relief of a symptom or prevention of disease.

MEDICATION

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It is also called DRUG.

Medication

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written direction and administration of a drug.

PRESCRIPTION

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Study of the effects of drugs on living organisms.

PHARMACOLOGY

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Book containing a list of products used in medicine, with descriptions of the products, chemical tests for determining identity and purity, and formulas and prescriptions.

PHARMACOPEIA

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Drugs may have natural sources or may be synthesized in the laboratory.

Drug standard

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can be plant derived, mineral derived, animal derived or human derived.

Drugs

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FDA

Food and Drug Authority

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BFAD

Bureau of Food and Drugs

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A person shall be deemed to be practicing nursing within the meaning of RA No. 9173 when he/she singly or in collaboration with another, initiates and performs nursing services to individuals, families and communities in any health care setting.

RA 9173 Section 28.

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secondary effect of a drug that is unintended

Side Effect

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more severe than side effects, may justify the discontinuation of a drug

Adverse Effect

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deleterious effects of a drug on an organism or tissue.

Drug Toxicity

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is an immunologic reaction to a drug

Drug Allergy

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severe allergic reaction usually occurs immediately after the administration of the drug.

Anaphylactic reaction

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exists in a person who has unusually low physiologic response to a drug and requires increased dosage to maintain a given therapeutic effect.

Drug Tolerance

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is the increasing response to repeated doses of a drug that occurs when the rate of administration exceeds the rate of metabolism or excretion.

Cumulative Effect

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is unexpected effect to individual, under response and over response to a drug

Idiosyncratic effect

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occurs when the administration of one drug before, at the same time as, or after another drug alters the effect of one or both drugs.

drug interaction

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When two of the same types of drug increase the action of each other, the effect

Additive

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occurs when two different drugs increase the action of one or another drug.

synergistic effect

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(disease caused unintentionally by medical therapy) can be a result of drug therapy.

Latrogenic disease

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improper use of common medications in ways that lead to acute and chronic toxicity.

DRUG MISUSE

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inappropriate intake of a substance either continuously or periodically.

DRUG ABUSE

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is a person's reliance on or need to take a drug or substance

Drug dependence

is due to biochemical changes in body tissues especially the nervous system

Physiologic dependence

is emotional reliance on a drug to maintain a sense of well being. Is the improper use of common medications in ways that leads to acute and chronic toxicity.

Psychological dependence

denotes a mild form of psychological dependence

Drug habituation

street drugs; are those sold illegally; taken because of their mood altering effect.

ILLICIT DRUGS

can be described in terms of its half-life, the time interval required for the body’s elimination processes to reduce the concentration of the drug in the body by one-half

action of a drug in the body

manufacturer's name of the drug.

BRAND NAME

given before a drug becomes official.

GENERIC NAME

Eg. antipyretic, antihypertensive, anticholinergic.

CLASSIFICATION

identifies the structure and composition of the drug. e.g. tablet, suspension, syrup, injectables

MEDICATION FORM

refers to the dosage weight or amount of drug provided in a specific unit of measurement

DOSAGE STRENGTH

Refers to the full quantity contained in a package, bottle or vial.

TOTAL VOLUME

refers to both dosage strength and form

SUPPLY DOSAGE

refers to the site of the body or method of drug delivery into the patient.

ADMINISTRATION ROUTE

refers to the drugs that are dispensed in powder form and must be reconstituted for use.

DIRECTIONS FOR MIXING OR RECONSTITUTING

Warnings printed on the packaging.

LABEL ALERTS

Federal law requires all medications packages to be identified with a lot or control numbers.

LOT OR CONTROL NUMBER

federal law requires that every prescription medication has a unique identifying number.

NATIONAL DRUG CODE (NDC)

Serve to document drug dosing for recordkeeping and stock reorder.

BAR CODE SYMBOLS

are the two official national lists of approved drugs. Placed after the generic drug name. “Generic Drug Name, USP”

UNITED STATE PHARMACOPEIA and NATIONAL FORMULARY

package in a single capsule / tablet separately in a blister pack

UNIT DOSE LABEL

combination of two or more drugs in one form

COMBINATION DRUGS

is the process by which a drug passes into the blood-stream. Unless the drug is administered directly into the bloodstream.

Absorption

is the first step in the movement of the drug through the body.

Absorption

can vary according to the time of day, foods ingested, use of antacid medications, and the age of the client.

Acidity

is the transportation of a drug from its site of absorption to its site of action.

Distribution

also called detoxification or metabolism, is a process by which a drug is converted to a less active form.

Biotransformation

is the process by which metabolites and drugs are eliminated from the body

Excretion

indicates that the medication is to be given immediately and only once

Stat Order

- is for medication to be given once at a specified time

Single Order or One Time Order

may or may not have termination date, may be carried out indefinitely

Standing Order

permits the nurse to give medication when, in the nurse’s judgement, the client requires it.

PRN or as Needed

apply indefinitely until the prescriber writes an order to alter or discontinue the medication

Standard Written Orders

are protocols that hospitals use for discontinuing medications after a certain length of time.

Automatic Stop Date

Read the MAR and remove the medication(s) from the client's drawer. Verify that the client's name and room number match the MAR.

FIRST CHECK

While preparing the medication (e.g., pouring, drawing up, or placing unopened package in a medication cup), look at the medication label and check against the MAR.

SECOND CHECK

Recheck the label on the container (e.g., vial, bottle, or unused unit-dose medications) against the MAR before returning to its storage place OR before giving the medication to the client

THIRD CHECK

found within the cells of the body contains solutes such as oxygen, electrolytes and glucose

Intracellular fluid (ICF)

found outside the cells and accounts 1/3 of total body fluid

Extracellular fluid (ECF

are charged particles capable of conducting electricity

ELECTROLYTES

positively charged - Na, K, Ca, Mg

Cations

negatively charged - CI, bicarbonate HCO3, phosphate HPO4, sulfate SO4

Anions

is the movement of water across cell membranes, from the less concentrated solution to the more concentrated solution

Osmosis

the concentration solutes in body fluids

Osmolality

used to refer to the molality of a solution

Tonicity

solution has the same osmolality as body fluids ex. Normal saline or 0.9% sodium chloride

Isotonic

solutions have higher osmolality than body fluids ex. 3% NaCl

Hypertonic

solutions have lower osmolality than body fluids ex. ½ normal saline or 0.45% NaCl

Hypotonic

is the power of a solution to draw water across a semipermeable membrane

Osmotic Pressure

is the continual intermingling of molecules in liquids, gasses, or solids brought about by the random movement of the molecules

Diffusion

movement of substances across cell membranes from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated one. ex. Sodium - potassium pump

Active Transport

average adult drink -

1,500ml / day

charged ions capable of conducting electricity present in all body fluids and fluid compartment

REGULATING ELECTROLYTE

maintaining fluid balance contributing acid-base regulation facilitating enzyme reactions transmitting neuromuscular reaction

Electrolytes

Most abundant cation in ECF Major contributor to serum osmolality Bacon, ham, processed foods and salt

Sodium (Na+)

Major cation in ICF Vital for skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle activity Fruits and vegetables, meat, fish

Potassium (K+)

Abundant in skeletal system, small amount in ECr Vital in regulating muscle contraction and relaxation, neuromuscular function and cardiac function ECF Ca regulated by parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, calcitriol

Calcium (Ca+)

Found in skeleton and ICF Important in production and use of ATP, protein and DNA synthesis within cells Cereal grains, nuts, dried fruits, legumes and green leafy veg.

Magnesium (Mg+)

Major anion of ECF Function with Na to regulate serum osmolality and blood volume Acts as a buffer in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in RBC

Chloride (CI-)

Major anion of ICF Essential for functioning of muscles, nerves and RBC, metabolism of protein, fat, and CHO Meat, fish, poultry, milk products and legumes

Phosphate (PO4)

is a substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+)

ACIDS

or alkaline have low hydrogen ion concentration

BASES

water & electrolytes gained or lost in equal

Isotonic

gained or lost of water only

Osmolar

water & electrolytes lost in equal proportions

Fluid Volume Deficit

water and electrolytes retained in equal proportion

Fluid Volume Excess

dehydration

Hyperosmolar Imbalance

water excess / overhydration

Hyposmolar Imbalance

Relieves the symptoms of a disease but does not affect the disease itself.

Palliative

Cures a disease or condition.

Curative

Supports body function until other treatments or the body's response can take over.

Supportive

Replaces body fluids or substances.

Substitutive

Destroys malignant cells.

Chemotherapeutic

Returns the body to health.

Restorative

Rle 109 Flashcards

(98 cards)