RM

Question 1

Quantitative data + and -:

Answer 1

+ Straightforward to analyse
- Too restrictive in terms of context

Question 2

One limitation of range (4):

Answer 2

() Uses outliers
() Give context of outliers
() Explain reason behind outliers

Question 3

Stratified sampling explanation

Answer 3

() Identify the STRATA that make up the population
() Work out proportions needed to be representative
() Use random sampling to select participants of each strata

Question 4

Reasons for peer review

Answer 4

() Reduce unscientific research from misinforming
() Improve published reports

Question 5

How ethical issues can be dealt with

Answer 5

() Informed consent: Participants given a consent form including all the details of the study, for children under 16 give to parents
() Deception: Full debrief, give option to withdraw data
() Protection from harm: Reassurance provided about their behaviour, counselling if necessary, fully debrief, give participants right to withdraw
() Privacy and confidentiality: Maintain anonymity by using pseudonyms. Protect personal details collected

Question 6

Behavioural categories justification

Answer 6

() Not ambiguous
() Visible
() Objective
() Not overlapping

Question 7

Classical extraneous variables:

Answer 7

Sleep
Caffiene
Temperature
Mood

Question 8

Why is scattergram appropriate

Answer 8

() Correlational
() Co-variables

Question 9

Meta-analysis overview

Answer 9

() Researchers collect wide range of previously conducted research in specific area
() Reviewed together
() Combined data is statistically tested

Question 10

How to match participants:

Answer 10

Double blind

Question 11

Pilot Study (3):

Answer 11

() Small-scale investigations done before research
() Identify modifications
() Identify feasibility

Question 12

Content Analysis

Answer 12

() Identify coded units
() Example
() Work through content
() Tally

Question 13

BPS code of conduct:

Answer 13

() Guidelines are implemented by ethics committee which use a COST-BENEFIT approach

Question 14

Questionnaire design

Answer 14

Likert Scale: Strongly agree and strongly disagree
Rating scale: Ordinary numbers
Fixed choice question

Question 15

Interview design

Answer 15

Standardised INTERVIEW SCHEDUEL
Away from other people
Neutral questions to gain rapport
Write down or record with video

Questions:
No jargon
No emotive language
No double barrel and double negative question

Question 16

Features of science

Answer 16

Theory construction and hypothesis testing:
() Theory construction: Principles constructed from empirical research
() Hypothesis testing: Accepted or rejected
Empirical method: Scientific methods to collect data:
() Examples: Lab studies, observational
() No examples: Subjective experience: Interviews, case studies

Paradigms and Paradigm Shifts:
() Paradigms: Set of shared assumptions, psychology is a pre-science
() Paradigm shift: Scientific revolution
() Examples: Approaches

Replicability: Ability to be carried around again and show consistent results:
() Standardized procedure
() Qualitative data

Objectivity: Subjective features kept out of research process
() Hypothetico-deductive methods
() Neutral with participants
() Neutral when dealing with findings

Falsifiability: Ability for a study to be proven wrong
() Theories backed by standardized studies

Question 17

Scientific Report

Answer 17

Abstract

Introduction: Aim, hypothesis, theories

Method: Sampling method, design, procedure, materials

Findings: If quantitative: Mean, dispersion, inferential statistics. If quantitative: Thematic or content analysis

Discussion: Evaluation, wider applications

Referencing: Acknowledge all sources