RNA, DNA, Translation, and Transcription

Question 2

Based on what you know about its structure and using the cartoon in the video, where does DNA Replication take place in a PROKARYOTIC cell?

Answer 2

​In the cytoplasm

Question 3

_______ speed up reactions and _______ or __________ the items they act upon.

Answer 3

Enzymes, build up, break down

Question 4

What enzyme is the “unzipping enzyme”?

Answer 4

Helicase

Question 5

What type of bonds hold the DNA bases together?

Answer 5

Hydrogen Bonds

Question 6

DNA Polymerase is called

Answer 6

the builder

Question 7

What is the primer made of?

Answer 7

RNA

Question 8

Ligase is like….

Answer 8

glue

Question 9

Which enzyme is known as “THE INITIALIZER”?

Answer 9

RNA Primase

Question 10

_____ bonds that hold the DNA base pairs together are ____ by Helicase.

Answer 10

Hydrogen, broken

Question 11

Which enzyme replicates the DNA molecules to actually build a new DNA strand?

Answer 11

DNA Polymerase

Question 12

RNA primase makes a ____ so that DNA Polymerase can figure out where to go to start to work.

Answer 12

Primer

Question 13

What area does DNA Replication START?

Answer 13

The Origin

Question 14

What does 1 prime, 2 prime, 3 prime, 4 prime, and 5 prime refer to?

Answer 14

The carbon position on a deoxyribose sugar.

Question 15

What does 3 ‘ to 5’ (3 prime to 5 prime) mean?

Answer 15

The DIRECTION the deoxyribose sugars are going.

Question 16

What direction is the only way that DNA polymerase can build NEW DNA?

Answer 16

In the 5’ to 3’ (5 prime to 3 prime) direction.

Question 17

The new strand of DNA that takes longer to build because the DNA Polymerase can only build a short strand of DNA at a time before having to detach and start over again is known as what type of strand?

Answer 17

Lagging Strand.

Question 18

What is the end result of DNA Replication?

Answer 18

Two identical double helix strands of DNA.

Question 19

The two strands of DNA are NOT IDENTICAL, instead they are said to be _______.

Answer 19

complementary

Question 20

The anti-parallel nature of DNA means that the strands of the double helix run __________________________.

Answer 20

in opposite directions.

Question 21

On the ____ strand, the helicase opens the DNA strands and DNA polymerase follows in the SAME direction.

Answer 21

Leading

Question 22

DNA Replication is SEMI-CONSERVATIVE because in the end you have

Answer 22

two copies of DNA each with one new strand and one original strand.

Question 23

Gene:

Answer 23

A segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein which in turn codes for a trait.

Question 24

Where in the cell are the chromosomes located?

Answer 24

Nucleus

Question 25

What two scientists established the structure of DNA?

Answer 25

James Watson & Francis Crick

Question 26

What are the sides of the DNA ladder made of?

Answer 26

Phosphates & Sugar

Question 27

Purine and Pyrimidines Definitions:

Answer 27

Two carbon rings & one carbon rings

Question 28

Three main steps of DNA Replication?

Answer 28

1. DNA Helicase breaks hydrogen bonds the result is the replication fork. 2. DNA Polymerase adds complementary nucleotides one at a time to build a new strand. 3. Results is two identical DNA strands.ii

Question 29

How is mRNA made?

Answer 29

By transcribing the sequence on DNA

Question 30

Which of the following helps make mRNA easier to read?

Answer 30

Being single sided

Question 31

A __________ is part of the ____________ DNA. It helps to regulate ____________

Answer 31

promoter, noncoding, transcription

Question 32

Why is DNA essential for mRNA synthesis (transcription)?

Answer 32

DNA provides the template that determines the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA.

Question 33

How does the ribosome use the information written in the mRNA code?

Answer 33

The ribosome reads the mRNA and assembles amino acids a specific order.

Question 34

Which of the following is a term used to describe this process?(Transcription)

Answer 34

Central Dogma

Question 35

True or False - Once information has gotten into a protein, it can't get out again

Answer 35

True

Question 36

True or False - Alternative splicing can be a way for our DNA to be more efficient and save space

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Transcription

Answer 37

The process of making an RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence

Question 38

Translation

Answer 38

The process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA (mRNA)