The Cell Cycle

Question 1

What is meant by the cell or cell division cycle?

Answer 1

A series of events occurs in BOTH eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells between its formation & replication.

Question 2

3 main phases of the cell cycle:

Answer 2

Interphase, Mitotic/Karyokinesis, Cytokinesis

Question 3

What is occurring in a cell during interphase?

Answer 3

G1 phase(Second Growth Phase), S phase(DNA Replication), G2(Second Growth Phase)

Question 4

Three things that form during the cell cycle:

Answer 4

1. Hair
2. Skin
3. Blood Cells

Question 5

What never occurs during Interphase?

Answer 5

Cell Division

Question 6

Cells obtain ___________ and duplicate or copy their __________ or genetic material during Interphase

Answer 6

nutrients, chromatids(DNA)

Question 7

Where are chromatids found in a cell?

Answer 7

The nucleus in the cell

Question 8

In what phase do cells spend most of their lifetime?

Answer 8

Interphase

Question 9

How often do human skin cells divide each day?

Answer 9

Once

Question 10

How many hours per human skin cell is in interphase?

Answer 10

22 hours

Question 11

What type of cell may spend decades in interphase instead of dividing?

Answer 11

Nerve Cell

Question 12

Name the 3 stages of interphase:

Answer 12

1. G1 Phase(Growth - Longest)
2. S Phase (DNA Synthesis)
3. G2 Phase(Growth 2)

Question 13

What happens during the G1 Phase?

Answer 13

• the cell creates organelles
• begins the metabolism
• the cell grows to a mature size

Question 14

What is DNA Synthesis?

Answer 14

Chromosomes are copid

Question 15

At what stage do the cell cycles sometimes EXIT?

Answer 15

G1 Phase

Question 16

What happens when cells enter the G0 phase?

Answer 16

Cells are alive and metabolically active, but DO NOT divide

Question 17

3 types of cells that enter the G0 phase when they are mature?

Answer 17

Heart Muscle, Eyes, Brains

Question 18

What happens if cells that end in G0 mature if they are damaged during your lifetime?

Answer 18

They cannot be replaced

Question 19

What stage occurs after Cytokinesis?

Answer 19

G1 Phase

Question 20

What part of the cell is divided during cytokinesis?

Answer 20

The Cytoplasm

Question 21

• New Cell Names + How They Compare

Answer 21

Daughter Cells, Identical

Question 22

Since proteins and _______ are being made during the G1 phase, there is a great amount of protein ___________ occurring

Answer 22

Enzymes, Synthesis

Question 23

What cell structures are made in G1?

Answer 23

Proteins(new organelles + enzymes)

Question 24

What does the S phase stand for during interphase?

Answer 24

Synthesis Phase

Question 25

What happens during the S Phase?

Answer 25

DNA synthesis and replication occurs

Question 26

How many DNA molecules are originally made of each chromosome?

Answer 26

One DNA molcule

Question 27

Each chromosome has how many coiled DNA molecules at the end of the S Phase?

Answer 27

2(Sister Chromatids)

Question 28

What's the final and shortest interphase stage?

Answer 28

G2 Phase

Question 29

How long would a typical cell be in the G2 phase?

Answer 29

four - five hours

Question 30

What follows the G2 Phase?

Answer 30

M phase aka Mitosis/Karyokinesis phase

Question 31

How does the cell prepare for mitosis during the G2 phase?

Answer 31

The cell is rapidly growing

Question 32

What part of the cell is actually dividing in mitosis?

Answer 32

The nucleus and nuclear material

Question 33

Are chromosomes duplicated before or during mitosis?

Answer 33

before ;)

Question 34

What process follows mitosis

Answer 34

Cytokinesis

Question 35

The nucleus is divided during _______, while the cytoplasm of the cell is divided during _______________.

Answer 35

mitosis, cytokinesis

Question 36

Are the two new cells identical?

Answer 36

yes

Question 37

Does mitosis occur in prokaryotes? Why or why not?

Answer 37

Mitosis doesn't occur in prokaryotes because it doesn't have a nucleus.

Question 38

Purpose of Eukaryotes:

Answer 38

Growth, Development, Repair

Question 39

How does cytokinesis occur in an animal cell?

Answer 39

Animal cells divide the cytoplasm by constricting the cell membrane in the middle to form a cleavage furrow.

Question 40

How does cytokinesis occur in an animal cell?

Answer 40

Plant cells form a cell plate in the center of the cell to divide the cytoplasm.

Question 41

Genetic Material is called __________- during interphase and IS / IS NOT clearly visible.

Answer 41

Chromation IS NOT

Question 42

What makes the chromosomes become visible during prophase?

Answer 42

The DNA molecules are progressively shortened and condensed by coiling to become visible.

Question 43

What is used to help break down the nuclear membrane?

Answer 43

Enzymes

Question 44

Beside the nucleus, what else is broken down during prophase?

Answer 44

The nuclear membrane and nucleolus

Question 45

During what stage are sister chromatids separated and moved to the opposite ends of the cell?

Answer 45

Anaphase

Question 46

Name two things that happen during telophase.

Answer 46

1. Chromosomes uncoil(result in chromatin) 2. The nuclear envelope reform

Question 47

Are chromosomes duplicated --- before or after mitosis?

Answer 47

before

Question 48

What process follows mitosis?

Answer 48

Cytokinesis

Question 49

The nucleus is divided during __________, while the cytoplasm of the cell is divided during ____________.

Answer 49

mitosis, cytokinesis

Question 50

Humans have ___ pairs of ____ chromosomes

Answer 50

22, body

Question 51

Body Chromosomes:

Answer 51

Autosomes

Question 52

xx

Answer 52

female

Question 53

xy

Answer 53

male

Question 54

Karyotype

Answer 54

Chart that arranges chromosomes in size order

Question 56

Mitosis produces _______ or fullset of ________

Answer 56

Diploid, Chromosomes

Question 57

2n stands for

Answer 57

Diploid number of 46

Question 58

n stands for

Answer 58

Diploid number of 23

Question 59

Meosis results in _______ cells(1/2 # of chromosomes)

Answer 59

Haploid