RNA VIRUSES (unfinished)

Question 1

means that the RNA can be directly translated to protein

Answer 1

positive sense

Question 2

must be converted via RNA polymerase before translated to a protein

Answer 2

negative sense

Question 3

capable of having both positive and negative sense

Answer 3

ambisense

Question 4

enumerate the viruses that demonstrate ambisense

Answer 4

Arenaviruses
Bunyaviruses

Question 5

all RNA viruses are single stranded except for…

Answer 5

Reovirus

Question 6

all RNA viruses are enveloped except for…

Answer 6

Calicivirus
Reovirus
Astrovirus
Picornavirus

Question 7

most sensitive test for diagnosis of RNA viruses

Answer 7

RT-PCR

Question 8

RNA virus replication, transcription, and translation take place in the…

Answer 8

cytoplasm

Question 9

systemic disease primarily involving the liver

Answer 9

viral hepatitis

Question 10

infectious hepatitis

Answer 10

Hepatitis A virus

Question 11

Serum hepatitis

Answer 11

Hepatitis B virus

Question 12

common cause of post-transfusion hepatitis

Answer 12

Hepatitis C virus

Question 13

enterically transmitted hepatitis

Answer 13

Hepatitis E virus

Question 14

the only non-enveloped hepatitis virus

Answer 14

Hepatitis A virus

Question 15

family of Hepatitis A virus

Answer 15

Picornaviridae

Question 16

no antigenic cross-reactivity with other hepatitis viruses

Answer 16

Hepatitis A virus

Question 17

Hepatitis is stable in __% ________ at pH __ for 1-2 hours

Answer 17

Hepatitis is stable in 20% Ether at pH 1 for 1-2 hours

Question 18

3 methods that destroy HAV virus

Answer 18

autoclaving @ 121ºC for 20 mins
boiling in water for 5 mins
ultraviolet radiation

Question 19

concentration of sodium hypochlorite that inactivates HAV

Answer 19

1:100

Question 20

concentration of sodium hypochlorite that destroys antigenicity of HBV within 3 minutes

Answer 20

1:10

Question 21

hepatitis that rarely causes fulminant disease and never causes chronic disease

Answer 21

Hep A

Question 22

family of HBV

Answer 22

Hepadnaviridae

Question 23

infectious virions of HBV

Answer 23

dane particle

Question 24

three morphological forms of HBV

Answer 24

spherical
tubular
filamentous

Question 25

most commonly found form of HBV

Answer 25

spherical form

Question 26

the only virus that has a partial double-stranded circular DNA

Answer 26

HBV

Question 27

predominant HBV subtype

Answer 27

adw

Question 28

serves as template for viral transcripts in HBV

Answer 28

covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA)

Question 29

hepatitis that often causes chronic disease and rarely causes fulminant disease

Answer 29

HBV HCV

Question 30

virus responsible for hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 30

HBV HCV

Question 31

family of HCV

Answer 31

Flaviviridae

Question 32

Hepatitis C virus MOT

Answer 32

parenteral route

Question 33

defective virus that requires HBsAg for transmission and infection

Answer 33

HDV

Question 34

family of HDV

Answer 34

has no assigned family but is classified in genus Deltavirus

Question 35

smallest of all known human pathogens

Answer 35

HDV

Question 36

hepatitis that causes the most severe fulminant forms of hepatitis in HBV-positive patients

Answer 36

HDV

Question 37

family of HEV

Answer 37

Hepeviridae

Question 38

fulminant hepatitis occurring in pregnant women

Answer 38

HEV

Question 39

zoonotic herpes

Answer 39

HEV

Question 40

hepatitis without jaundice is a more common type of hepatitis which is termed as...

Answer 40

anicteric hepatitis

Question 41

hepatitis that causes polyarteris nodosa as extrahepatic manifestation

Answer 41

HBV

Question 42

hepatitis that causes cryoglobulinemia as extrahepatic manifestation

Answer 42

chronic HCV

Question 43

food-associated hepatitis infections

Answer 43

HAV HEV

Question 44

best for hepatitis diagnosis

Answer 44

liver biopsy

Question 45

other liver function tests to diagnose hepatitis

Answer 45

ALT serum bilirubin

Question 46

treatment for hepatitis

Answer 46

supportive treatment directed against resolving and repair hepatocellular damage

Question 47

major antigen binding sites with a beta-barrel structure Picornaviridae

Answer 47

VP1-VP3

Question 48

internal protein of Picornaviridae

Answer 48

VP4

Question 49

virus with proteins that have peptide backbone that loops back on itself

Answer 49

Pircornavirus

Question 50

acid-stable and heat-labile

Answer 50

Enteroviruses

Question 51

acid-labile and heat stable

Answer 51

Rhinovirus

Question 52

stabilizer used against thermal inactivation in Enteroviruses and Rhinovirus

Answer 52

magnesium chloride

Question 53

food-and-mouth disease viruses of cattle

Answer 53

Aphthovirus

Question 54

encephalomyocarditis virus of rodents

Answer 54

Cardiovirus

Question 55

cellular receptor of Poliovirus

Answer 55

CD155

Question 56

portal entry for Polioviruses

Answer 56

mouth

Question 57

MOT for Polioviruses

Answer 57

fecal-oral route

Question 58

in which specific part in the CNS do Polioviruses infect?

Answer 58

lower motor neurons

Question 59

causes aseptic meningitis characterized by stiffness and pain of back and neck, incoordination and painful spasms, and with no paralysis

Answer 59

nonparalytic poliomyelitis

Question 60

causes infantile paralysis, flaccid, irreversible paralysis due to motor neuron damage

Answer 60

paralytic poliomyelitis

Question 61

most serious disease caused by any enterovirus

Answer 61

paralytic poliomyelitis

Question 62

treatment and vaccine for polioviruses

Answer 62

treatment: no antiviral drugs vaccine: formalinized vaccine (salk) or live polio vaccine

Question 63

highly infective for newborn mice

Answer 63

Coxsackieviruses

Question 64

virus causing aseptic meningitis that may resemble paralytic poliomyelitis but patients recover almost always completely

Answer 64

Coxsackie B viruses

Question 65

most common cause of viral heart disease in humans

Answer 65

Coxsackie B viruses

Question 66

best specimen for Coxsackie viruses

Answer 66

nasal secretions

Question 67

treatment and vaccines for Coxsackie viruses

Answer 67

no available vaccine and treatment but infections are usually self limited

Question 68

Coxsackie virus with endemic pattern

Answer 68

Coxsackie virus A9, B2, and B4

Question 69

Coxsackie virus with epidemic pattern

Answer 69

Coxsackie B5

Question 70

most commonly recovered agents from people with mild upper respiratory illnesses

Answer 70

Rhinovirus

Question 71

causes of URT infections and common cold syndrome

Answer 71

Rhinovirus Adenovirus Coronavirus Enterovirus Influenza Parainfluenza

Question 72

Rhinovirus major cellular receptor

Answer 72

intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)

Question 73

Rhinovirus minor cellular receptor

Answer 73

low-density lipoprotein receptor

Question 74

Rhinovirus portal of entry

Answer 74

upper respiratory tract

Question 75

Rhinovirus MOT

Answer 75

direct contact via respiratory secretions

Question 76

treatment and vaccination of Rhinovirus

Answer 76

no available treatment and vaccination

Question 77

highly infectious disease of cloven-hoofed animals

Answer 77

Aphthovirus

Question 78

possesses a unique 2 concentric capsid shells with icosahedral symmetry

Answer 78

Reoviridae

Question 79

Rhinovirus with large spikes

Answer 79

Orthoreovirus

Question 80

Rhinovirus lacking large spikes

Answer 80

Rotavirus

Question 81

cell attachment protein of Reoviruses

Answer 81

viral hemagglutinin (sigma-1 protein)

Question 82

unique in terms of uncoating because it takes place in lysosomes

Answer 82

Rhinovirus

Question 83

model virus for the study of viral pathogenesis

Answer 83

Orthoreovirus

Question 84

uniquely possesses 3 capsid shells and does not have large spakes

Answer 84

Rotavirus

Question 85

this virus possesses pseudoenvelopes

Answer 85

Rotavirus

Question 86

in cell culture, Rotavirus requires _______ to facilitate uncoating

Answer 86

trypsin

Question 87

most important cause of infantile gastroenteritis

Answer 87

Rotavirus