Robbery

Question 1

definition and stage

Answer 1

S8 Theft Act 1968 - “where the d steals, immediately before or at the time, and in order to do so used force or threat of force”

Question 2

Stage 1

Answer 2

the d must have committed a theft (robinson)
this has already been established above

Question 3

stage 2

Answer 3

d must use force or threat of force
(dawson) any amount of force is enough

Question 4

2 side rules Stage 2

Answer 4

indirect force - force can be applied to vs clothing/bag (clouden)
Threats of force- even if the d doesn’t feel fear this is enough (B&R v DPP)

Question 5

Stage 3

Answer 5

force must be used immediately before or at the time of theft (Hale)

appropriation is a continuing act so as long as force takes place at “some point” this is enough

Question 6

stage 4

Answer 6

force must be used in order to steal (lockey)

Question 7

men’s rea

Answer 7

dishonesty and an intention to permanently deprive
-already established above
MR of robbery is the intention to use force or threat of force (Mohan)