Rocks 🪨⛰️ Flashcards
(44 cards)
1
Q
Rocks are comprised of different….
A
Minerals
2
Q
These mineral are held together by…
A
Natural cement
3
Q
Three groups of rock
A
- Igneous
- Sedimentary
- Metamorphic
4
Q
Igneous rocks
A
- Formed as a result of volcanic activity
- When magma escapes from the mantle it cools and hardens
- If it reaches the surface as lava is cools and solidifies quickly
5
Q
Sedimentary rock
A
- Formed from particles of other rocks as well as dead plants and animals.
- These sediments are deposited on sea beds.
- Layers of this material build up over time.
- It is compressed and cemented, creating solid rock
6
Q
Metamorphic rocks
A
- Formed from rocks that already exist
- Formed when igneous or sedimentary rocks experience a lot of heat of pressure
7
Q
Name 2 igneous rocks found in Ireland
A
Basalt
Granite
8
Q
Formation of Basalt
A
- Formed when lava spreads out over the surface on the earths crust due to volcanic activity.
- It then cools and hardens
9
Q
Basalt is an …………. rock
A
Extrusive
10
Q
Use of Basalt
A
Used for road chipping
11
Q
Example of Basalt
A
Found in Antrim - Derry
Giants Causeway
Lava was so thick when it cooled it contracted to form hexagonal shapes
12
Q
Formation of Granite
A
- Formed when molten magma pushes its way into the crust and cools and hardens there under the surface.
- Granite is eventually exposed at the surface when rock lying over it is worn away
13
Q
Granite is an ……….. rock
A
Intrusive
14
Q
Uses of Granite
A
- Counter tops because it’s durable
15
Q
Example of Granite
A
Mourne Mountains
16
Q
What are the most common sedimentary rocks in Ireland?
A
Limestone
Sandstone
17
Q
Formation of limestone
A
- Limestone in Ireland was formed about 350 million years ago when Ireland was close to the equator.
- Limestone is made from particles of shells and skeletons of sea creatures.
- The sediment piles up over millions of years and the weight of the upper layers of sediment compress and cement the lower layers to make solid rock.
18
Q
Limestone is ………..
A
Permeable
19
Q
Permeable
A
Water can pass through it
20
Q
Soluble
A
Dissolves in water
21
Q
Uses of limestone
A
- Make monuments
- Cement
22
Q
Example of Limestone
A
Burren
23
Q
Formation of sandstone
A
- Formed from sand that’s been worn away from the earths surface.
- the sand is carried by wind and deposited in seas and lakes where it builds up over time.
- The layers then are compressed and cemented to form sandstone
24
Q
Use of sandstone
A
-Patios
-Building material
25
Example of sandstone
MacGillycuddys Reeks in Co.Kerry
26
Examples of metamorphic rocks found in Ireland
Marble
Quartzite
27
Formation of marble
- Formed when limestone is out under great heat or pressure due to plate movement or when magma comes into contact with limestone.
-It is a very hard rock
28
Use of marble
Monuments
Floor tiles
Fireplaces
29
Where can marble be found in Ireland?
Antrim
Cork
Connemara
30
Formation of quartzite
- When sandstone is put under great heat or pressure due to plate movement or contact with molten magma.
- Quartzite is extremely hard
31
Use of Quartzite
Counter tops
Road chipping
Glass
32
Examples of Quartzite
Sugarloaf Co. Wicklow
33
Two uses of rocks
Energy
Building materials
34
Rocks can be used to cheat energy because they contain……
Fossil fuels
35
Three fossil fuels that are extracted from the crust
Coal
Oil
Gas
36
Coal is mined in ….if close to surface
Open pits
37
Process of extracting coal is called
Shaft mining
38
Oil and gas are extracted from rock by…
Drilling and pumping
39
Extracting rock for building materials is done through a process called…
Quarrying
40
Quarrying
Large machinery is used to cut rock out of the crust and explosives are used to break rock out of the crust
41
Example of a quarry in Ireland
McMonagle Stone Co. Donegal
42
Positive impacts of mining and quarrying
- Provide employment
- Support economic activities ( construction and energy production)
- Provide raw materials to make copper, steal, iron and glass.
43
Negative impacts of quarrying and mining
- Cause noise, water and air pollution
- eyesore
- Traffic congestion
44
Example of an Irish mine
Bolides Tara Mine
