The Earths Surface🌍🌋

Question 1

What are the 3 layers of the Earth?

Answer 1

-Crust
-Mantle
-Core

Question 2

The Crust

Answer 2

• Outside layer
• Made of solid rock
• Oceans and continents lie on top.

Question 3

The mantle

Answer 3

• Lies under the crust
• Made of molten rock called magma.
• Magma is moved around by currents.

Question 4

The Core

Answer 4

• Centre of the Earth
• Made of iron and nickel
• Hottest part of Earth at 6,000’C
• Can be divided into inner and outer core.

Question 5

Magma

Answer 5

Molten rock

Question 6

The Earths crust is broken into pieces called ____

Answer 6

Plates

Question 7

Continental plates

Answer 7

Plates with land on top

Question 8

Oceanic plates

Answer 8

Plates with oceans on top

Question 9

Plate boundaries

Answer 9

The line where two plates meet

Question 10

Magma in the mantle is moved around in circular motion by ____

Answer 10

Convection currents

Question 11

The study of plates and their movements is called_____

Answer 11

Plate tectonics

Question 12

The first person to come up with the idea of plate tectonics was _____

Answer 12

Alfred Wegener

Question 13

What Wegener called the huge land mass on earth.

Answer 13

Pangaea

Question 14

What does Pangaea mean?

Answer 14

All land

Question 15

Continental Drift

Answer 15

When Pangaea broke up and the continents moved to the positions they are in today.

Question 16

What 3 things happen at plate boundaries?

Answer 16

-Plates collide
-Plates separate
-Plates slide

Question 17

What kind of boundary do plates that collide with each other have?

Answer 17

Destructive or convergent boundaries.

Question 18

What kind of boundary do plates that separate from each other have?

Answer 18

Constructive boundaries

Question 19

What kind of boundary do plates that slips past each other have?

Answer 19

Passive boundaries. Crust is neither created nor destroyed.

Question 20

Define subduction

Answer 20

Subduction is when huge pressure is built up and the heavier plate is pushed under the lighter plate.

Question 21

What 3 things do plates that collide make?

Answer 21

Fold mountains
Earthquakes
Volcanoes

Question 22

Define sea - floor spreading

Answer 22

When plates move apart from each other and a gap is formed between the 2 plates. Then magma rises out of the mantle to fill the gap. The magma then cools and hardens to form new crust.

Question 23

Plates that separate form…..

Answer 23

Volcanic mountains
Volcanic islands
Mid-ocean ridges

Question 25

Example of a volcanic island

Answer 25

Iceland

Question 26

Where does most volcanic activity happen? What is that area called?

Answer 26

Most volcanic activity happens around the edge of the Pacific Plate. Known as the Pacific Ring of Fire.

Question 27

Volcanic activity creates….

Answer 27

Mid - ocean ridges Volcanic islands Volcanic mountains

Question 28

Hot molten rock aka…

Answer 28

Magma

Question 29

What is the Mid- Atlantic Ridge

Answer 29

….where the American, Eurasian and African plates are separating. Allowing magma to rise up through the cracks and creating a chain of mountains on the seabed.

Question 30

What are volcanic islands?

Answer 30

Mountains on the seabed that are formed when magma wells up through the cracks in the crust, rise above the surface of the ocean.

Question 31

Example of a volcanic island

Answer 31

Iceland

Question 32

Vent

Answer 32

A narrow tube in the crust

Question 33

When magma reaches the surface we call it…..

Answer 33

Lava

Question 34

Crater

Answer 34

Top of the volcano

Question 35

Example of a volcanic mountain

Answer 35

Mount St Helens, USA

Question 36

Three types of volcanoes..

Answer 36

Active Dormant Extinct

Question 37

An example of volcanic activity in Irelands past

Answer 37

Lambay island

Question 38

Define earthquakes

Answer 38

Earthquakes are sudden tremors or vibrations in the Earths crust.

Question 39

What is the focus of an earthquake?

Answer 39

The point beneath the surface where the earthquake happens.

Question 40

What is the epicentre?

Answer 40

The point on the surface directly above the focus.

Question 41

Aftershocks

Answer 41

Smaller tremors that follow an earthquake

Question 42

A location where there are frequent earthquakes.

Answer 42

San Andreas Fault, USA

Question 43

Seismologist

Answer 43

Person who studies earthquakes.

Question 44

Seismograph

Answer 44

An instrument seismologists use to measure tremors in the Earths crust.

Question 45

Richter scale

Answer 45

Used to show the strength of an earthquake.

Question 46

How to reduce damage caused by earthquakes

Answer 46

-Earthquake-resistant buildings -Drills -Early-warning systems

Question 47

How do fold mountains form.

Answer 47

When two plates collide with each other.

Question 48

Example of a fold mountain

Answer 48

The Andes mountains

Question 49

Example of fold mountains

Answer 49

The Andes