Rocks Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is the process of compaction in sedimentary rocks
Lithification
What is intrusive
Under the ground
Inside
Under the ground is hotter so it cools slower forming large crystals that give rocks a rough texture.
What is extrusive
Above ground
Cools slowly giving it a fine texture
What is a batholith?
Dyke?
Sills?
A batholith- dome underground of cooled Magma that has cooled to form igneous rocks.
Dyke- vertical gap of cooled magma
Still- horizontal gap of cooled magma
Describe the distribution of rock types in the Uk
Sedimentary- south of uk so ie wales and Ireland and England
Metamorphic- north, Scotland
Igneous- scattered around the north basically Scotland
What is solution weather
Minerals that make up the rocks get dissolved in the rain water
What is carbonation weathering
Acid rain is a weak carbonic acid which reacts with rocks like limestone which contains calcium carbonate.
When was chalk formed in the uk
The top c of the table
When was clay formed
There was a dinosaur called clay
Jurassic
When was granite formed
Bottom of the table
What is the chalk and clay area case study?
The Lincolnshire wolds
What is the Lincolnshire wolds used for?
Around 80% is used as farmland to use as crops
There’s a chalk aquifer underneath which supplies water to Lincolnshire
What is land and economic uses of Granite?
Dartmoor prison Can't escape In the middle of nowhere Headstones Last millions of years Form big crystals so pretty Army training Sheep farming
What is limestone used for?
Building stone
To make cement
What is case study for limestone areas?
The Peak District
Attractions in the Peak District
Thors cave a limestone cavern in Staffordshire
How much limestone does turn stead quarry in the Peak District produce every year?
5.5 million tonnes
Impacts of tourists in Dartmoor (Granite area)
Tourists disturb grazing animals on the moors especially when dogs are let loose.
Increased traffic
Narrow roads are congested
Benefits of tourists in Dartmoor (Granite area)
4.5 million tourists visit every year
Making 3000 jobs
Economic advantages of quarrying
Employ lots of people
Good transport links are built for the trucks attracting other businesses which will boost the local economy
Economic disadvantages of quarrying
Put off tourists because they are very noisy and an eyesore reducing the amount of money made from tourism
When a quarry is closed down it costs a lot of money to make theme safe. E.g. Putting up warning signs
Social advantages and disadvantage of quarrying
Advantages
Visited by schools for educational visits
Closed down quarries can be used for climbing
Disadvantages
Very dangerous environments
People can be killed
Environmental advantages and disadvantages of quarrying
Advantage
Landscapes are restored after they have been closed down and habitats can return
Disadvantage
When operating habitats and landscapes are destroyed
Advantages of whatley quarry in Somerset
Employs around 100 people full time
Quarry has a study centre around 4000 people from schools and colleges visit every year
The quarry has donated to build a cycle track in the local area.
