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Year 8 Science > Rocks and minerals > Flashcards

Rocks and minerals Flashcards

1
Q

a solid inorganic substance

A

Minerals

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2
Q

the outer layer of the earth

A

lithosphere

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3
Q

just below the earths surface a very hot liquid substance

A

magma

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4
Q

broken down material that is moved by wind or water

A

sediments

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5
Q

uncombined elements found in the earths crust

A

native elements

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6
Q

it is created by the arrangement of atoms and molecules and is geometrically shaped.

A

crystals

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7
Q

the appearance of a mineral caused by the way it reflects light

A

lustre

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8
Q

the colour of the fine powder of a mineral

A

streak

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9
Q

the measure of how hard it is to scratch the surface of a solid material

A

hardness

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10
Q

movement of ricks by water

A

erosion

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11
Q

rocks that are made from movement

A

clastic

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12
Q

occurs when components of water evaporate and previosly dissolved come together to form rocks

A

chemical

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13
Q

rocks formed from dead things

A

organic

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14
Q

dead bones and rocks

A

fossils

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15
Q

rocks that come from magma or lava solidify by being thrown in the air by a volcanic

A

igneous rocks

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16
Q

igneous rocks that form when lava cools above the earths crust

A

extrusive rocks

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17
Q

a pale rock that forms when frothy lava cools in the air.

A

pumice

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18
Q

a dark igneous rock that is formed from gassy lava that cools quickly

A

scoria

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19
Q

the property of a material or substance that easily scratches other things

A

abrasive

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20
Q

a dark igneous rock that has small crystals formed by fast cooling of hot lava.

A

basalt

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21
Q

a hard ,dark,glass-like volcanic rock formed by the rapid solidification of lava without crystallization

A

obsidian

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22
Q

igneous rock that forms when magma cools below the Earth’s surface

A

intrusive rocks

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23
Q

intrusive rock mass that measures more than 100 kilometres across

A

batholiths

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24
Q

a hard, igneous rock with different-colored crystals large enough to see and slowly forms below the Earth’s crust

A

granite

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25
Q

flat, open land besides a river where sediments are deposited during floods

A

floodplains

26
Q

large amounts of ice that move down slopes and push boulders and rocks in front of them

A

glaciers

27
Q

deposit left by movement of a glacier

A

moraines

28
Q

a sedimentary rock formed from the remains of sea organisms. It consists mainly of calcium carbonate.

A

limestone

29
Q

a sedimentary rock formed from dead plants and animals that were buried before rotting completely

A

coal

30
Q

a sedimentary deposit formed when a salt lake or seabed dried up. Its main chemical is sodium chloride.

A

rock salt

31
Q

a sedimentary rock with medium-sized grains. The sand grains are cemented together by silica, lime or other salts.

A

sandstone

32
Q

a fine-grained, sedimentary rock without layering

A

mudstone

33
Q

a fine-grained sedimentary rock formed in layers by the consolidation of clay

A

shale

34
Q

a sedimentary rock with a particle size between that of sandstone and mudstone

A

siltstone

35
Q

sedimentary rock containing large particles of various sizes cemented together

A

conglomerate

36
Q

the process that changes rocks by extreme pressure or heat

A

metamorphism

37
Q

rocks formed from other rocks that have experienced heat or pressure.

A

metamorphic rocks

38
Q

a metamorphic rock formed as a result of great pressure on limestone

A

marble

39
Q

a coarse-grained metamorphic rock formed mainly as a result of great pressure on granite

A

gneiss

40
Q

a fine-grained metamorphic rock formed as a result of moderate heat and pressure on shale.

A

slate

41
Q

a cycle where rocks can change from one rock to another that is endless

A

rock cycle

42
Q

rocks mined to obtain a metal or other chemical within them

A

mineral ores

43
Q

extraction of natural resources from the Earth

A

mining

44
Q

study of the possible effects of a planned project on the environment

A

environmental impact statement (EIS)

45
Q

restored to its previous condition

A

rehabilitated

46
Q

waste rock removed from below the topsoil. This rock is replaced when the area is restored.

A

overburden

47
Q

mining that scours out soil and rocks on the surface of the land

A

open-cut mining

48
Q

mining that uses tunnels to find underground rocks

A

underground mining

49
Q

the time beginning about two million years ago during which early humans made implements of stone

A

Stone Age

50
Q

a mixture of a metal with a non-metal or another metal

A

alloy

51
Q

a fine-grained sedimentary rock which leaves a very sharp edge when broken

A

flint

52
Q

a process in which tool stones such as flint or obsidian were struck with harder stones

A

percussion flaking

53
Q

folding is the buckling of rocks and is caused by rocks that are being pressured by both sides.

A

folding

54
Q

someone who studies fossils

A

paleontologists

55
Q

2 rocks compared of age

A

relative age

56
Q

animal that eats other animals

A

carnivores

57
Q

animals that eat things that are already dead

A

scavengers

58
Q

cavity in a rock that shows the shape of the hard parts of an organism

A

mould

59
Q

fossils that provide evidence such as footprints that an organism was present when the rock was formed

A

trace fossils

60
Q

species or things that no longer exist

A

extinct

Year 8 Science (4 decks)

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