Rocks and minerals

Question 1

a solid inorganic substance

Answer 1

Minerals

Question 2

the outer layer of the earth

Answer 2

lithosphere

Question 3

just below the earths surface a very hot liquid substance

Answer 3

magma

Question 4

broken down material that is moved by wind or water

Answer 4

sediments

Question 5

uncombined elements found in the earths crust

Answer 5

native elements

Question 6

it is created by the arrangement of atoms and molecules and is geometrically shaped.

Answer 6

crystals

Question 7

the appearance of a mineral caused by the way it reflects light

Answer 7

lustre

Question 8

the colour of the fine powder of a mineral

Answer 8

streak

Question 9

the measure of how hard it is to scratch the surface of a solid material

Answer 9

hardness

Question 10

movement of ricks by water

Answer 10

erosion

Question 11

rocks that are made from movement

Answer 11

clastic

Question 12

occurs when components of water evaporate and previosly dissolved come together to form rocks

Answer 12

chemical

Question 13

rocks formed from dead things

Answer 13

organic

Question 14

dead bones and rocks

Answer 14

fossils

Question 15

rocks that come from magma or lava solidify by being thrown in the air by a volcanic

Answer 15

igneous rocks

Question 16

igneous rocks that form when lava cools above the earths crust

Answer 16

extrusive rocks

Question 17

a pale rock that forms when frothy lava cools in the air.

Answer 17

pumice

Question 18

a dark igneous rock that is formed from gassy lava that cools quickly

Answer 18

scoria

Question 19

the property of a material or substance that easily scratches other things

Answer 19

abrasive

Question 20

a dark igneous rock that has small crystals formed by fast cooling of hot lava.

Answer 20

basalt

Question 21

a hard ,dark,glass-like volcanic rock formed by the rapid solidification of lava without crystallization

Answer 21

obsidian

Question 22

igneous rock that forms when magma cools below the Earth’s surface

Answer 22

intrusive rocks

Question 23

intrusive rock mass that measures more than 100 kilometres across

Answer 23

batholiths

Question 24

a hard, igneous rock with different-colored crystals large enough to see and slowly forms below the Earth’s crust

Answer 24

granite

Question 25

flat, open land besides a river where sediments are deposited during floods

Answer 25

floodplains

Question 26

large amounts of ice that move down slopes and push boulders and rocks in front of them

Answer 26

glaciers

Question 27

deposit left by movement of a glacier

Answer 27

moraines

Question 28

a sedimentary rock formed from the remains of sea organisms. It consists mainly of calcium carbonate.

Answer 28

limestone

Question 29

a sedimentary rock formed from dead plants and animals that were buried before rotting completely

Answer 29

coal

Question 30

a sedimentary deposit formed when a salt lake or seabed dried up. Its main chemical is sodium chloride.

Answer 30

rock salt

Question 31

a sedimentary rock with medium-sized grains. The sand grains are cemented together by silica, lime or other salts.

Answer 31

sandstone

Question 32

a fine-grained, sedimentary rock without layering

Answer 32

mudstone

Question 33

a fine-grained sedimentary rock formed in layers by the consolidation of clay

Answer 33

shale

Question 34

a sedimentary rock with a particle size between that of sandstone and mudstone

Answer 34

siltstone

Question 35

sedimentary rock containing large particles of various sizes cemented together

Answer 35

conglomerate

Question 36

the process that changes rocks by extreme pressure or heat

Answer 36

metamorphism

Question 37

rocks formed from other rocks that have experienced heat or pressure.

Answer 37

metamorphic rocks

Question 38

a metamorphic rock formed as a result of great pressure on limestone

Answer 38

marble

Question 39

a coarse-grained metamorphic rock formed mainly as a result of great pressure on granite

Answer 39

gneiss

Question 40

a fine-grained metamorphic rock formed as a result of moderate heat and pressure on shale.

Answer 40

slate

Question 41

a cycle where rocks can change from one rock to another that is endless

Answer 41

rock cycle

Question 42

rocks mined to obtain a metal or other chemical within them

Answer 42

mineral ores

Question 43

extraction of natural resources from the Earth

Answer 43

mining

Question 44

study of the possible effects of a planned project on the environment

Answer 44

environmental impact statement (EIS)

Question 45

restored to its previous condition

Answer 45

rehabilitated

Question 46

waste rock removed from below the topsoil. This rock is replaced when the area is restored.

Answer 46

overburden

Question 47

mining that scours out soil and rocks on the surface of the land

Answer 47

open-cut mining

Question 48

mining that uses tunnels to find underground rocks

Answer 48

underground mining

Question 49

the time beginning about two million years ago during which early humans made implements of stone

Answer 49

Stone Age

Question 50

a mixture of a metal with a non-metal or another metal

Answer 50

alloy

Question 51

a fine-grained sedimentary rock which leaves a very sharp edge when broken

Answer 51

flint

Question 52

a process in which tool stones such as flint or obsidian were struck with harder stones

Answer 52

percussion flaking

Question 53

folding is the buckling of rocks and is caused by rocks that are being pressured by both sides.

Answer 53

folding

Question 54

someone who studies fossils

Answer 54

paleontologists

Question 55

2 rocks compared of age

Answer 55

relative age

Question 56

animal that eats other animals

Answer 56

carnivores

Question 57

animals that eat things that are already dead

Answer 57

scavengers

Question 58

cavity in a rock that shows the shape of the hard parts of an organism

Answer 58

mould

Question 59

fossils that provide evidence such as footprints that an organism was present when the rock was formed

Answer 59

trace fossils

Question 60

species or things that no longer exist

Answer 60

extinct