sexual reproduction

Question 1

organs that produce sperm and sex hormones

Answer 1

testes

Question 2

pouch of skin containing testes. It hangs outside the body to keep the sperm cooler than normal body temperature.

Answer 2

scrotum

Question 3

sacs containing egg cells

Answer 3

follicles

Question 4

tiny tubes joining the ovaries to the uterus. Fertilization occurs in one of these tubes.

Answer 4

Fallopian tubes

Question 5

penetration of the ovum by a sperm

Answer 5

fertilization

Question 6

life stage when the sex glands become active and bodily changes occur to enable reproduction

Answer 6

puberty

Question 7

chemical substances produced by glands and circulated in the blood. Hormones have specific effects in the body.

Answer 7

hormones

Question 8

the first menstrual period

Answer 8

menarche

Question 9

beginning of one period to the beginning of the next period

Answer 9

menstrual cycle

Question 10

joining together of male and female reproductive cells

Answer 10

sexual reproduction

Question 11

reproductive cells (sperm or ova) containing half the genetic information of normal cells

Answer 11

gametes

Question 12

male reproductive cell. It consists of a head, a middle section and a tail used to swim towards the egg.

Answer 12

sperm

Question 13

female gametes or sex cells. Singular = ovum.

Answer 13

ova

Question 14

cell formed by the fusion of two gametes; fertilized ovum before it starts to divide into more cells

Answer 14

zygote

Question 15

reproduction where the eggs are released by the female into water and fertilized by sperm released nearby

Answer 15

external fertilization

Question 16

reproduction where the egg remains in the female and is fertilized by sperm inserted into the female

Answer 16

internal fertilisation

Question 17

the act of inserting sperm into the female; also called sexual intercourse or mating

Answer 17

copulation

Question 18

act of inserting sperm into the female; also called copulation or mating

Answer 18

sexual intercourse

Question 19

cell division process that results in new cells with half the number of chromosomes of the original cell

Answer 19

meiosis

Question 20

a new branch of science that involves studying the effect of our experiences on the expression of our genetic information

Answer 20

epigenetics

Question 21

genetic material passed on from both parents, from the nucleus of both the sperm and the ovum

Answer 21

nuclear DNA

Question 22

genetic material from the mitochondria, passed on only from the mother

Answer 22

mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)

Question 23

release of sperm

Answer 23

ejaculation

Question 24

combination of fluid and sperm

Answer 24

semen

Question 25

twins developed from the same fertilized egg

Answer 25

identical twins

Question 26

twins developed from different fertilized eggs

Answer 26

fraternal twins

Question 27

the reproductive part of angiosperms containing petals, stamens and carpels. They are often colourful to attract pollinating insects.

Answer 27

flowers

Question 28

the coloured parts of a flower that attract insects

Answer 28

petals

Question 29

parts of a flower, at the base of the petals, that secrete nectar

Answer 29

nectaries

Question 30

fine powder containing the pollen grains (the male sex cells of a plant)

Answer 30

pollen

Question 31

the female part of a flower, at the top of the carpel, that catches the pollen during pollination

Answer 31

stigma

Question 32

transfer of pollen from the stamen (the male part) of a flower to the stigma (the female part) of a flower

Answer 32

pollination

Question 33

transfer of pollen from the flower’s own stamen to its stigma

Answer 33

self-pollination

Question 34

transfer of pollen from stamens of one flower to the stigma of a flower of another plant of the same species

Answer 34

cross-pollination

Question 35

flowers that receive pollen carried on the body parts of insects from other flowers

Answer 35

insect-pollinated flowers

Question 36

flower that receives pollen carried by the wind from another flower

Answer 36

wind-pollinated flowers

Question 37

the male part of a flower that makes pollen

Answer 37

anthers

Question 38

the male gametes of a flower

Answer 38

pollen grains

Question 39

long tube growing from a pollen grain through the style to the ovule

Answer 39

pollen tube

Question 40

the supporting part of a flower that holds the stigma

Answer 40

style

Question 41

receptacle within an ovary that contains egg cells

Answer 41

ovules

Question 42

in plants, the hollow, lower end of the carpel containing the ovules (the female egg cells); in animals, the female organ that produces ova and reproductive hormones

Answer 42

ovary

Question 43

penetration of the ovum by a sperm

Answer 43

fertilisation

Question 44

food supply for the embryo plant in a seed

Answer 44

endosperm

Question 45

product of a fertilised ovule

Answer 45

seed

Question 46

the protective layer around a seed

Answer 46

seed coat

Question 47

ripened ovary of a flower, enclosing seeds

Answer 47

fruit

Question 48

scatter the seeds from plants

Answer 48

disperse

Question 49

small bud at the tip of the embryo plant in a seed

Answer 49

plumule

Question 50

the beginnings of a root making up part of a plant embryo inside a seed

Answer 50

radicle

Question 51

special leaves of the embryo plant inside a seed that provide food for the developing seedling

Answer 51

cotyledons

Question 52

first sign of growth from the seed of a plant

Answer 52

germination

Question 53

young plant produced from the embryo in the seed after germination

Answer 53

seedling