Rocks and Minerals Unit Test

Question 1

What are the most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust?

Answer 1

Silicon and Oxygen

Question 2

A combination of Silicon and Oxygen forms a _______ with 4 oxygen atoms and 1 silicon atom

Answer 2

pyramid

Question 3

What is the pyramid formation that Silicon and Oxygen form called?

Answer 3

silica tetrahedral

Question 4

Minerals that are composed of Oxygen and Silicon are called

Answer 4

Silicates

Question 5

All mineral identification properties

Answer 5

Luster, Streak, Hardness, Cleavage/Fracture, Common Colors, Composition

Question 6

Luster

Answer 6

how light behaves on the surface of a mineral

metallic (dark streak) or non-metallic

Question 7

Streak

Answer 7

use a streak plate to see if there is a dark streak (metallic) or no/white streak

Question 8

Hardness

Answer 8

Mohs Scale of Hardness; 1-10; use a glass plate to test hardness

minerals that are harder are more difficult to scratch

Question 9

Cleavage/Fracture

Answer 9

how the mineral breaks based on the internal arrangement of atoms

Cleavage breaks the same way/pattern

Fracture - uneven breakage, no pattern, broken pieces are not the same

Question 10

Common Colors

Answer 10

not usually a good property to rely on because the minerals can be different but the color is the same

Question 11

Composition

Answer 11

is what the mineral is made of…chemical symbols are on the bottom of page 16

Question 12

What determines the difference between the three types of rocks?

Answer 12

Based on where & how the rock formed along with its mineral composition

Question 13

Environment of Formation for Igneous Rocks

Answer 13

Extrusive (volcanic)
Intrusive (plutonic)

Question 14

Extrusive

Answer 14

lava solidifies quickly at or near the surface → rocks can be non crystalline/glassy or have crystals <1mm

Question 15

Vesicular

Answer 15

gas pockets

Question 16

Intrusive

Answer 16

magma solidifies slowly deep underground → rocks
have larger crystals >1mm

Question 17

How do igneous rocks form?

Answer 17

Solidification or Crystallization of magma/lava

Question 18

solidification/crystallization

Answer 18

magma and lava hardening to form rocks and crystals

Question 19

nWhatare the two different igneous rock characteristics in the identificatio chart?

Answer 19

Felsic: light in color, low in density (left side of the chart)

Mafic: dark in color, high in density (right side of the chart)

Question 20

monomineralic

Answer 20

Rocks made of one mineral

Question 21

polymineralic

Answer 21

Rocks made of many minerals

Question 22

Formation processes of sedimentary rocks

Answer 22

weathering & erosion; deposition & burial; compaction and/or cementation

Question 23

Sedimentary can contain _______

Answer 23

fossils

Question 24

Three types of Sedimentary rocks

Answer 24

Clastic, Crystalline, Bioclastic

Question 25

Clastic

Answer 25

made of fragments (pieces of other rocks/sediments) cemented together; classified by grain size

Question 26

Crystalline

Answer 26

crystals from chemical precipitates or evaporites; monomineralic

Question 27

Bioclastic

Answer 27

precipitates of biologic origin or cemented shell fragments or compacted plant remains

Question 28

Metamorphic rocks are formed by _______ and _______

Answer 28

heat and pressure

Question 29

Metamorphic are formed from ________

Answer 29

other rocks

Question 30

Two types of Metamorphism

Answer 30

Regional and Contact

Question 31

Regional metamorphism

Answer 31

Rock is put under intense pressure and heat over large areas

Question 32

Contact metamorphism

Answer 32

Rock is heated by lava or magma

Question 33

Two categories or metamorphism

Answer 33

Foliated and Non-Foliated

Question 34

Foliated

Answer 34

shows mineral alignment and banding(only gneiss) - layering

Question 35

Non-Foliated

Answer 35

can be monomineralic or crystalline

Question 36

Weathering

Answer 36

breakdown of rock material (chemical or physical)

Question 37

stuff dissolves _____ in smaller pieces

Answer 37

faster

Question 38

When you break something up, the object has _____ surface area

Answer 38

more

Question 39

Chemical weathering happens more in _____ and ______ environments

Answer 39

hot and wet

Question 40

Physical weathering

Answer 40

occurs when physical processes affect the rock, such as changes in temperature or when the rock is exposed to the effects of wind, rain and waves

Question 41

*Go to the sugar cube lab and read it

Answer 41

wassup