Surface Processes Test

Question 1

Weathering

Answer 1

breakdown of rock material (chemical or physical)

Question 1

Material dissolves faster in _____ pieces. It further dissolves quicker in ______ temps and more ______ climates

Answer 1

smaller, hotter, humid

Question 2

if a rock is broken up, it’s ___________ increases but it’s ________ decreases

Answer 2

surface area, mass

Question 3

Chemical weathering happens more in

Answer 3

hot and wet enviroments

Question 4

some rocks are more ______ to weathering than others

Answer 4

resistant

Question 5

Rocks will become _____, ______, _______after weathering and after traveling in a stream for a long time

Answer 5

smaller, rounder, smoother

Question 6

Erosion

Answer 6

transport/movement of rock material

Question 7

How quickly water flows in a stream is based on three factors:

Answer 7

gradient/slope

Shape of stream

Volume of water

Question 8

The volume of water in a river or stream is referred to as the

Answer 8

discharge

Question 9

How does the shape of the stream affect the velocity of the stream

Answer 9

the shape determines the amounts of friction in the stream

Question 10

How does the gradient of the stream affect the velocity of the stream

Answer 10

steeper = flows faster

Question 11

Erosion in a stream happens on the _______ of the bend/meander

Answer 11

outside

Question 12

water flows faster on the ____ of a meander

Answer 12

outside

Question 13

Deposition

Answer 13

when weathered particles drop/settle as water velocity decreases

Question 14

Deposition happens along the _______ of the meander

Answer 14

inside

Question 15

What are the agents of erosion and deposition

Answer 15

running water, wind, gravity

Question 16

water/rivers/wind will sort sediments by _____ (gravity leaves sediments _______ and _______)

Answer 16

size

unsorted

unlayered

Question 17

which agents leaves sediments unsorted and unlayerd

Answer 17

gravity

Question 18

Three characteristics that make particles settle faster:

Answer 18

Size (larger)
Shape (rounder)
Density (more dense)

Question 19

Vertical Sorting/graded bedding

Answer 19

Biggest particles on the bottom

Smallest on the top

calm water

large particles settle first.

Question 20

Horizontal sorting

Answer 20

Biggest particles dropped/deposited first

Smallest particles dropped last (carried the farthest into lake/ocean)

moving water

large particles settle first

Question 21

Watersheds are also called

Answer 21

drainage basins

Question 22

Watersheds are an area of ____ that can ______ into a particular river system

Answer 22

land

drain

Question 23

Watersheds are _______ by areas of _______ elevation (ridges, mountains, divides, etc)

Answer 23

separated

high

Question 24

It is _______ to know where your _________ comes from and to reduce potential ____________ from entering your __________

Answer 24

important drinking water pollution/contaminants drinking water

Question 25

drainage patterns

Answer 25

describe the general shape of streams (how water flows on the land)

Question 26

Groundwater

Answer 26

water held underground in the soil or in pores and crevices in rock

Question 27

Aspects of groundwater include:

Answer 27

Porosity Permeability Retention Capillarity Infiltration

Question 28

Soil formation occurs mainly through

Answer 28

biological activity and weathering

Question 29

Porosity

Answer 29

the empty space between particles (a percentage)

Question 30

Porosity and shape:

Answer 30

soils with rounded particles have a higher porosity than angular or flatter particles because round particles can’t pack tightly together.

Question 31

Porosity and size:

Answer 31

if the particles are the same shape, the size doesn’t matter → they will have the same porosity;

Question 32

Permeability

Answer 32

the ability of water to flow through a soil

Question 33

As grain size _________, the permeability ________

Answer 33

increases increases *takes less time for water to flow through soil

Question 34

What makes a soil impermeable

Answer 34

previous saturation

Question 35

Retention

Answer 35

the ability of soil to hold back groundwater

Question 36

Capillarity

Answer 36

the movement of groundwater upward into tiny spaces

Question 37

As grain size ______, capillarity _______

Answer 37

increases decreases *smaller is better

Question 38

Infiltration

Answer 38

water seeping into the ground

Question 39

As particle size _______, infiltration _______

Answer 39

increases increases

Question 40

All process of the water cycle starting from a big body of water and back

Answer 40

Evaporation and Transpiration Condensation Precipitation Runoff Infiltration Water table Permeability

Question 41

Evaporation and Transpiration

Answer 41

Evaporation is the process of surface water absorbing heat energy from the sun or from warm air and changing from a liquid to a gas. Transpiration is when water evaporates through plants.

Question 42

condensation

Answer 42

water which collects as droplets on a cold surface when humid air is in contact with it

Question 43

Precipitation

Answer 43

any liquid or frozen water that forms in the atmosphere and falls to Earth

Question 44

Runoff

Answer 44

the draining away of water (or substances carried in it) from the surface of an area of land, a building or structure, etc.

Question 45

what causes more runoff or infiltration

Answer 45

Higher gradient: Runoff Unsaturated: Infiltration Low gradient (not steep): Infiltration Saturated: Runoff

Question 46

Landscape regions develop due to differences in

Answer 46

geology and climate

Question 47

Humid/wet climates =

Answer 47

smooth, rounded landscapes (less erosion)

Question 48

arid/dry climates =

Answer 48

angular, steep slopes (more erosion)

Question 49

Mountains(______), plateaus(______), plains(______)

Answer 49

highlands uplands lowlands

Question 50

Mountains:

Answer 50

High elevation. Non-sedimentary bedrock and/or faulted, folded, tilted bedrock

Question 51

Plateaus:

Answer 51

Moderate to high elevation. Horizontal, sedimentary bedrock structure

Question 52

Plains:

Answer 52

Low elevation. Horizontal, sedimentary bedrock structure