ROM:Range of Motion, posture, & Gait

Question 1

Models of Aging:

Answer 1

1. primary aging: specific to an organism.
2. Secondary aging: as a result of interacting with the environment.

Question 2

Classification of client factors:

Answer 2

1. Motor (musculoskeletal) cliernt factors
2. Sensory client factors
3. Mental (cognitive, affective,etc) client factors
4. Cardiovascular client factors.
5. Respiratory components
6. Motivation
7. Visual components

Question 3

ROM

Answer 3

Is the amount of movement that is possible at a joint

Question 4

Active ROM

Answer 4

Is the amount of motion at a given joint achieved by the patient using his/her own strength

Question 5

Passive ROM

Answer 5

Is the amount of motion at a given joint when the joint is moved by an outside force.

Question 6

Joint range

Answer 6

Is the maintenance of, or change in position of 2 or more adjoining bones.
- Partically dependent on neuro-muscular foundation

Question 7

Degrees of freedom:

Answer 7

is the ability of the body to alter the stereotypical joint movements to more effective and flowing movements.

Question 8

Factors affecting joint range:

Answer 8

1. Muscle factors: length of muscles, spasms, disuse, degeneration of sotf tissues.
2. Bony factors: intactness of joint surfaces/trauma
3. Sensory factors: pain, fear of movement
4. Kinematic factors: forces environment and body

Question 9

Factors that affect normal ROM

Answer 9

1. Bone-on-bone friction
2. Injury to muscle tissue
3. Soft tissues at joint
4. Scar tissue
5. Nerve supply
6. Synovial fluid
7. Inflammation

Question 10

Environmental and contextual factors affecting ROM

Answer 10

1. Physique
2. Exercise pattern
3. Temperature
4. Pain
5. Time of day
6. Age
7. Act patterns
8. Pathology
9. Affect

Question 11

Posture:

Answer 11

Is the relative arrangement of body parts made possible by the neuromuscular system in order to withstand gravitational forces.

Question 12

Value of good posture?

Answer 12

1. Ensures maximum relaxation of the musculoskeletal system
2. Minimal stress on structures that are involved during active participation
3. Minimum energy expenditure
4. Mechanically efficient function of joints.
5. Prevent injury to joints and body structures
6. Favourable to organic function

Question 13

Gait

Answer 13

Is the process of locomotion during which the lower limbs alternatively support the erect moving body. OR

It is the manner in which walking takes place

Question 14

Requirements of a normal walking pattern:

Answer 14

1. The body must be supported on both legs to prevent falling
2. Adequate balance must be maintained when walking
3. The swinging leg must be able to take over the supporting role.
4. Enough strength in the body to move the legs and trunk.

Question 15

Value of normal gait:

Answer 15

1. Method of locomotion
2. Normal gait enables a person to change pace, stop, turn, walk up and down, and bend easily or stretch without losing balance or rhythm.
3. Activity can be performed with minimum energy expenditure.

Question 16

Gait cycle:

Answer 16

1. Swing/follow-through stage
2. Stance/support stage
3. Double stance