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NLE: Advanced Prose Comp (Latin) > Roman Culture and People > Flashcards

Roman Culture and People Flashcards

1
Q

Alexandria

A

port city located on the Mediterranean Sea in northern Egypt

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2
Q

Alps

A

Mountain region at top/northern part of Italy

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3
Q

Carthage

A

Northern African city, located in modern-day Libya

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4
Q

Pyrenees

A

mountain range between Spain and France

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5
Q

Delphi

A

an ancient religious sanctuary dedicated to Apollo. Located on Mount Parnassus in Greece

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6
Q

Etruria

A

region in central Italy

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7
Q

Latium

A

region in central western Italy where Rome was founded, below Etruria

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8
Q

Campania

A

region in south Italy, below Latium

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9
Q

Caesar

A

(100-44 b.c.) most brilliant statesman, general, would-be emperor; conquers Gaul; feud w Pompey; dictator perpetuus; stabbed on Ides of March; wrote Commentarii De Bello Gallico (often shortened to Bellum Gallicum) and the Commentarii de Bello Civili (often shortened to Bellum Civile)

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10
Q

Cicero

A

greatest orator ever, idealistic statesman; exiled bc of politics; Cicero’s consulship 63 b.c.- elected in his first year of eligibility, Cicero puts down a dangerous coup by patrician malcontent Catiline

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11
Q

Brutus

A

Roman senator murdered Caesar, committed suicide after loss at Philippi

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12
Q

Clodius

A

rich young unscrupulous political hitman; exiles Cicero; gets killed in street fight

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13
Q

Octavian (Augustus)

A

2nd triumvirate; defeats Antony and Cleopatra at Battle of Actium; succeeds Caesar as 1st emperor, Julio-Claudian; Pax Romana

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14
Q

Battle of Pharsalus

A

48 BCE Caesar defeated Pompey at Pharsalus in Greece; declared Dictator Perpetuus

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15
Q

Battle of Philippi

A

42 BCE fought between the Octavian and Mark Antony on the one side against Brutus and Cassius, the assassins of Caesar and champions of the Republican cause; the 2nd Triumvirate won

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16
Q

Pompey

A

1st triumvirate; ally and later enemy of Caesar; defeated Mithridates and the pirates; significant in Rome’s transformation from a republic to empire; defeated at Pharsalus; assassinated in Egypt

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17
Q

Crassus

A

1st triumvirate; played a key role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire; “richest man in Rome.”; lost war and life in Parthia

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18
Q

Catiline

A

Roman patrician and senator best known for the second Catilinarian conspiracy, an attempt to overthrow the Roman Republic and, in particular, the power of the aristocratic Senate; coup exposed by Cicero

19
Q

Vesuvius

A

volcano that erupted in 76 CE during Titus’ reign and destroyed Pompeii and Herculaneum

20
Q

the Five Good Emperors

A

(96-192 CE) Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius (MATH N)

21
Q

the Flavians

A

(69- 96 CE) Vespasian, Titus, Domitian; built the Colosseum, harshly put down a Jewish rebellion and destroyed the Temple of Jerusalem; Mt Vesuvius erupts

22
Q

centaurs

A

half man, half horse

23
Q

Fates

A

Clotho (Spinner), Lachesis (Allotter), and Atropos (Inflexible); Clotho spun the “thread” of human fate, Lachesis dispensed it, and Atropos cut the thread

24
Q

Furies

A

3 Bird-like women with snakey hair; goddesses of vengeance who punished men for crimes against the natural order

25
Q

Muses
goddesses of literature, science, and the arts;

A

Calliope - epic poetry;
Clio - muse of history;
Erato - love poetry;
Euterpe - music;
Melpomene - tragedy
Polyhymnia - sacred poetry;
Terpsichore - dance;
Thalia - comedy; Urania- astrology

26
Q

nymphs

A

female nature deities

27
Q

satyrs

A

half man, half goat

28
Q

Kalends

A

the first day of the month in the ancient Roman calendar.

29
Q

Nones

A

5th or 7th day of month

30
Q

Ides

A

13th or 15th day of month

31
Q

pridie

A

the day before

32
Q

a.d. (ante diem)

A

the number of days before the kalends, nones, or ides of a Roman month

33
Q

consul

A

two men elected annually; heads of state; 3rd and highest office

34
Q

dictator

A

takes over for both consuls in an emergency

35
Q

praetor

A

many at a time, judge; 2nd office held in a political career

36
Q

tribunus

A

a title of various offices; the two most important were the tribuni plebis (represents the common people, power of veto) and tribuni militum

37
Q

fasces

A

a bundle of rods with a projecting axe blade; symbol of power

38
Q

equites

A

a class of citizens who originally formed the cavalry of the Roman army and at a later period were a wealthy class of great political importance; class under patrician

39
Q

pontifex maximus

A

chief priest

40
Q

augures

A

priests who prophesy by interpreting the flight of birds

41
Q

legio

A

legions: 3,000-6,000 men

42
Q

castra

A

military camp

43
Q

legatus

A

commander of a legion

44
Q

impedimentia

A

baggage/gear

NLE: Advanced Prose Comp (Latin) (3 decks)

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