Roman Society Non-Citizens Flashcards
1
Q
Free non-citizens
A
- Most cities keep own laws and citizenship after conquest
- Many non-citizen inhabitants in Roman empire
- Antonine Constitution AD 212 (under Caracalla)
- Roman citizenship for all free people in the empire
2
Q
Slaves
A
- Slaves– completely
owned by someone else - “talking tools” (Varro)
- No property, family
- Conditions vary
3
Q
Manumission and freed slaves
A
- Freed slaves: libertus (male), liberta (female)
- Master becomes patron (patronus)
- Owe duties to him/her
- Obsequium (deference)
- Operae (work)
4
Q
Manumit a female slave to marry her
A
- She can’t decline
- Children born after the marriage are free
5
Q
Freedmen names
A
- Praenomen and nomen from master
- Slave name at end
- Marcus Tullius Cicero and slave Tiro
- M. Tullius M. lib. Tiro
- Marcus Tullius Tiro, freed slave of Marcus
6
Q
Avenues to citizenship or raised
status
A
- Manumission
- Grants of citizenship to groups
- Take nomen of general or emperor who granted it
- Hold elected office in your own city (provinces)
- Army service (auxiliaries)
- Wealth– provincial elites increasingly join the senate under the empire
7
Q
Class and status made visible
A
- Toga (citizenship)
- Stripes on toga (senator, equestrian)
- Gold ring for equestrians
- Seating at theatre or Colosseum
- Digital restoration of statue of
Caligula in senatorial toga
