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LC Art History > Romanesque > Flashcards

Romanesque Flashcards

1
Q

Overview of Romanesque.

3 sentences

A
  1. First major art style to appear after the fall of the Roman Empire in 400-500 AD
  2. Stone churches began to be built across Europe
  3. Influenced by Romans, Romanesque= Roman-like
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2
Q

How was Basilica changed to make Romanesque cathedral

A

Added transepts to make it cruciform
Changed flat wooden roof to heavy stone barrel vault
Added two towers at front

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3
Q

What are the wedge shaped stones making an arch called

A

Voussoirs

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4
Q

Three things Romanesque architects took from the Romans

A

Rounded arches
Barrel vault
Groin vault

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5
Q

What did barrel vaults need to support them

A

Strong and thick walls and columns

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6
Q

What is a groin vault

A

Intersection of two barrel vaults at right angles

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7
Q

Three reasons why the large stone churches began to be built

A

New Millenium
Monasticism
Pilgrimage and relics

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8
Q

Explain the ‘ New Millennium’

A

People thought world would end in 1000AD
Renewed hope and energy, ambitious plans
Built to last another 1000 years

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9
Q

Explain ‘ Monasticism’

A

Monasteries large and wealthy
Needed big churches for lavish ceremonies and lots of monks
French monastery of Cluny, 1088, one of biggest Romanesque cathedrals in Europe at time

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10
Q

Explain ‘ Pilgrimage and Relics’

A 
Pilgrimages hugely popular
Bones of St James in Santiago de Compostela, Spain
People stopped on their way
Made monasteries rich
Need for bigger churches
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11
Q

Why were small windows used

A

To prevent weakening the walls

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12
Q

Why were barrel and groin vaults used

A

Better acoustics for monks

No fire hazard

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13
Q

Three parts of the interior elevation

A

Arcade
Triforium
Clerestory

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14
Q

What important relic is in Conques, France

A

Bones of St. Foy

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15
Q

Describe the plan of St Foy

A

Cruciform

Nave, side aisles, transepts, apse, radiating chapels

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16
Q

Describe west facade of st Foy

A

Twin towers

Rounded arches above doorway

17
Q

Where does st Foy get its light

A

Small windows, but dome above crossing

18
Q

Characteristics of Romanesque decoration

A

Highly expressive
Stylised proportions of figures
Dramatic and violent
Painted

19
Q

What cathedral is the last judgement in, and who painted it

A

Autun

Gislebertus

20
Q

What did Gislebertus change about art at the time

A

Signed his name on his sculpture and improved the status of artists

21
Q

Where is the last judgement

A

The tympanum of the west portal, Autun Cathedral

22
Q

Describe the top layer of the the tympanum

A

Virgin Mary enthroned on left

Two apostles on right

23
Q

Describe middle layer of the tympanum

A

Christ’s right hand side: apostles in rows like a choir + angels helping the saved into heaven (a Romanesque cathedral)
Christ’s left hand side: Weighing of the souls scene

24
Q

Describe the lowest layer of the tympanum

A

Aka the Architrave
Souls rise from their graves and are separated into saved and damned
Saved on left, pilgrims, shell logo
Damned on left, souls twist and contort, tortured, hell

25
Q

Describe the Weighing of The Souls scene ( descriptive words)

A

Big emotional impact

Dramatic and graphic

26
Q

What is happening in the Weighing of The Souls

A

St Michael weighs souls with a devil who is cheating. Grotesque demons behind the devil. Scared soul cowers behind St Michael. Three headed serpent curls around devils leg.

27
Q

Where did Gislebertus sign his work

A

Just at Christ’s feet

28
Q

Where is the Dream of the Magi?

A

The capital of a pilaster in Autun

29
Q

Use descriptive words to describe the dream of the magi

A 
Human
Touching
Graceful
Simple
Gentle
30
Q

Subject matter of the dream of the magi

A

Three kings asleep under a finely decorated curved cover. Third king has been awoken by the touch of an angel. Angel points anpt star that will lead them to Jesus.

31
Q

How does Gislebertus fit such a complex scene of The Dream of the Magi into such a small space?

A

He uses two views of the bed in order to fit the angel into the top left.

LC Art History (5 decks)

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