Rome Civil War Notes

Question 0

Tiberius: lower class (plebeians) were suffering

Answer 0

Tiberius Grachhus was elected as tribune of the plebeians

He promised land reform

Question 1

What did Tiberius Grachhus notice of the plebeians

Answer 1

He noticed that the lower class was suffering

Question 2

Tiberius: plebeians: he promised land reform

Answer 2

Wanted to limit amount of land each person could own
Wanted to rebuild the farming class by redistributing land
Tiberius Grachhus and hundreds of his followers were murdered

Question 3

Gaius Grachhus and reform

Answer 3

Gaius was elected tribune in 122 bc, about 10 years after his brother was murdered
Wanted land reform
Wanted the govt to sell to poor at reduced prices
Wanted a public works company to employ the poor
Wanted to decrease the senates power
Riots erupted. In 121 bc he was killed along with thousands of supporters

Question 4

What were the two differing parties that continued to argue

Answer 4

Optimates

Populares

Question 5

Who were the optimates

Answer 5

Senatorial party

Wanted to maintain the position and power of the wealthy patrician class, aka the status quo

Question 6

Populares

Answer 6

Peoples party
Had its strength in the Assembly
Wanted reforms

Question 7

Why did military dictators come to power?

Answer 7

Constant fighting time between rich and poor
Restlessness in the provinces
Big slave rebellions (Spartacus)
Barbarian invasions (though not as serious as they became in the era of the empire)
The people needed strong leadership

Question 8

Facts about gaius Marius

Answer 8

A leader of the populares
Successful military victories
Elected consul 7 times
Wanted army reform 
struggled with Lucius Sulla for power

Question 9

Gaius Marius wanted army reform

Answer 9

Formed a paid, volunteer, official army staffed by Romes landless people(no more property qualifications)
Soldiers shared in the spoils of war and earned pension upon completion of their service

Question 10

Lucius Sulla who was he?

Answer 10

Patrician member of senate
Optimates
Military victories
Marius and his supporters come to power in Rome while Sulla was away
Sulla ruled as dictator for 3 years

Question 11

When Marius and his supporters came to power in Rome while Sulla was away

Answer 11

Killed many optimates in the senate
Sulla came back to Rome in 82 bc
Sulla killed thousands of Marius’ followers and condiscated their property as booty for his troops

Question 12

Sulla ruled as dictator for 3 years

Answer 12

Gave senate back control of the concern meant the retired from public life

Question 13

Gneieus pompeius Magnus

Answer 13

A general under Sulla

Military victories

Question 14

Marcus Crassus

Answer 14

General who defeated Spartacus

Became wealthy by devious means

Question 15

Gaius Julius Caesar

Answer 15

Military victories

Question 16

Caesars military victories

Answer 16

59-51 bc: brought Gaul(roughly modern day France) under Romes rule

Question 17

3 people in the first triumvirate

Answer 17

Pompey Magnus
Marcus Crassus
Julius Caesar

Question 18

Pompey’s perk and what he became leader of

Answer 18

Soldiers

Leader of Italy

Question 19

Marcus Crassus perk and leader of what

Answer 19

Money

Romes eastern provinces

Question 20

Julius Caesars perk and consul of what

Answer 20

Popularity

Consul of Gaul

Question 21

Trouble in paradise

Answer 21

53 bc: Crassus killed in battle against Parthians

Pompey was jealous of the success Caesar was having in Gaul

Question 22

53 bc: Crassus killed in battle of the Parthians

Answer 22

This ended the first triumvirate

Question 23

Pompey was jealous of the success ceasar was having jm Gaul

Answer 23

Pompey talked to the senate into demanding that Caesar return to Rome as a private citizen(without his troops)

Question 24

Crossing the rubicon

Answer 24

Caesar had to make a decision | Caesar led his troops across the rubicon river

Question 25

Caesar had to make a decision.

Answer 25

Following the senates orders= powerlessness before Pompey | Disobeying the senates orders=violating roman law

Question 26

Caesar chases Pompey to Egypt

Answer 26

Pompey flees to Greece Pompey flees to Egypt Caesar meets cleopatra VI of Egypt

Question 27

Pompey flees to Greece

Answer 27

Caesar went after him, defeating Pompey in Pharsalus

Question 28

Pompey flees to Egypt

Answer 28

Ptolemy XIII, knowing Caesars army was in pursuit of Pompey, killed Pompey rather than give him shelter Ptolemy later presented Pompeys head to Caesar

Question 29

Caesar meets cleopatra

Answer 29

Had son with cleopatra, Caesarian, born in 47 bc

Question 30

Veni vedi vici

Answer 30

What Caesar sent to Rome Military victories left Caesar as sol ruler of Rome Mark Antony was Caesars right hand man

Question 31

What does veni vedi vici mean

Answer 31

I came I saw I conquered

Question 32

What does Marc Antony do for Caesar

Answer 32

Helps him get to Rome

Question 33

Caesars reforms

Answer 33

Distributes land to roman citizens | Reformed the calendar(the "Julian" calendar with 365 days)

Question 34

Dictator for life

Answer 34

Senate dislikes many of Caesars reforms and feared his popularity and power Something big happened on the idea of March

Question 35

On the idea of March

Answer 35

Caesar was stabbed to death (23 times at least) | Among the conspirators was Brutus

Question 36

Who was Brutus

Answer 36

Brutus was a descendent of the traditional founder of the Roman Republic and Cassius one of the leading Statesmans of the republic

Question 37

Chaos and more Civil War

Answer 37

Cesar left is fortunate was great nephew Octavian Second triumvirate was formed They split the rule of the Empire

Question 38

Who made up the second triumvirate

Answer 38

Octavian Mark Antony Lepidus

Question 39

Splitting the rule of the Empire

Answer 39

Octavian took Italy Rome and gaul | Mark Anthony took Egypt and the East Lepidus took Spain in Africa

Question 40

Octavian versus Mark Antony

Answer 40

Lepidus attempted to take Sicley from Octavian resulting in the loss of most of his offices and all of his power Mark Anthony made problematic alliances and ignored roman dictates for the east in 32 BC Octavian's forces attacked Egypt

Question 41

In 32 BC Octavian's forces attacked Egypt

Answer 41

In 31 BC the battle of acting happened when Mark Anthony's fleet was destroyed

Question 42

Lepidus attempted to take Sicley from Octavian resulting in the loss of most of his offices and all his power

Answer 42

Lepidus would live his life in obscurity and die and 13 BC the last pontifex Maximus to not be an emperor or part of the Imperial family

Question 43

Mark Anthony made problematic alliances and ignored Romes dictates for the east

Answer 43

Mark Antony formed a relationship with Cleopatra in Egypt | Mark Antony offended Rome by going 'native'