Rome's "Legacy": Byzantium, The Papacy, & The RCC

Question 1

Rome’s legacy chronology (ad)

Answer 1

440 Roman bishop ( Leo I) claims supremacy over other bishops
843 restoration of icons in the eastern Church
1054 “great schism” (East - west) begins (ends 1965)
1204 Constantinople attacked as part of the fourth crusade
1453 Constantinople falls to the ottoman Turks

Question 2

440 ad

Answer 2

Roman bishop ( Leo I) claims supremacy over other bishops

Question 3

843 ad

Answer 3

Restoration of icons in the eastern church

Question 4

1054

Answer 4

“Great schism” (east-west) begins (1965 ends)

Question 5

1204 ad

Answer 5

Constantinople attacked as part of the 4th crusade

Question 6

1453 ad

Answer 6

Constantinople falls to the ottoman Turks

Question 7

Roman bishop (Leo 1) claims supremacy over other bishops

Answer 7

440 ad

Question 8

Restoration of icons in the eastern church

Answer 8

843 ad

Question 9

“Great schism” (East - west) begins (1965 ends)

Answer 9

1054 ad

Question 10

Constantinople attacked as part of the 4th crusade

Answer 10

1204 ad

Question 11

Constantinople falls to the ottoman Turks

Answer 11

1453 ad

Question 12

What is canonization in the RCC?

Answer 12

The definitive sentence by which the pope declares a particular dead person to have already entered into heavenly glory & ordains for the new “saint” a public cult throughout the Church

Question 13

Ottoman Empire. What is it? Where is it established and who established it? What would it ultimately do?

Answer 13

Muslim empire of the Turks.
Established in northern Asia Minor by Osman I
Would ultimately capture Constantinople

Question 14

What is Seljuk?

Answer 14

Turkish dynasty that ruled parts of Asia Minor

Question 15

What was Constantinople called previously? What’s it called today?

Answer 15

Byzantium
presently known as Istanbul (Turkey)

Question 16

What was the advantage of Constantinople’s site?

Answer 16

Strategically located for commercial & political influence

Question 17

Byzantine history summarized by periods

Answer 17

Expansion
Peril
Recovery
Disintegration

Question 18

Byzantine expansion period

Answer 18

Reign of Justinian

Question 19

Byzantine peril period

Answer 19

1. The iconoclastic controversy
   A) icons were religious images used to foster worship - flat pictures, mosaics
   B) iconoclasts (people) tried to destroy all icons
2. The veneration of icons was allowed and they remain a part of Eastern Orthodoxy

Question 20

Byzantine recovery period

Answer 20

Byzantium experienced a “golden age”

Question 21

Byzantine disintegration period

Answer 21

Byzantine empire began to fall apart

Lost at manzikert to Muslim Seljuk Turks

Question 22

Reasons for the Byzantine empire’s endurance

Answer 22

O it possessed a money economy, as opposed to a barter economy

O possessed advanced military science - “Greek fire” worked like napalm (fire bomb or flame thrower)

O it was a centralized administration

O “caesaropapism” - church/state link enhanced unity and stability

Question 23

Theological authority in three main branches of Christianity

Answer 23

1. orthodox (Greek/eastern): the internal witness of the promised Holy spirit keeps the truth

2.RCC asserts spiritual authority in: tradition, the pope, & the scriptures

3. Protestantism asserts that spiritual authority rests in the inerrant word of God(sola scriptura)

Question 24

What do the Greek or Eastern Orthodox Church emphasize in their theology?

Answer 24

Sanctification with justification being virtually absent

Question 25

What brought an upsurge in the papacy's rise/position/authority?

Answer 25

Barbarian invasions

Question 26

What factors is the pope's claim of supreme authority based on?

Answer 26

1. Petrine theory 2. Apostolic succession

Question 27

What is the Petrine theory?

Answer 27

The RCC insists that Christ gave to Peter a special rank as the 1st bishop of Rome & leader of the apostles - Peter was the 1st pope & all subsequent popes inherited his authority

Question 28

What is the apostolic succession?

Answer 28

Refers to bishops tracing a direct line of authority through the apostles back to Christ

Question 29

What terms can be used interchangeably for pope?

Answer 29

Pope Papacy (office) Holy See Pontiff

Question 30

Does the NT mention Peter serving as bishop of Rome?

Answer 30

No, this is a legend

Question 31

How many popes from Peter to Francis?

Answer 31

266 popes

Question 32

What does it mean when the pope speaks "ex-cathedra"?

Answer 32

The Pope speaks from the chair.it is viewed by the RCC as possessing divine authority equal to that of God in scripture - infallible

Question 33

To speak from the chair...

Answer 33

To speak "ex-cathedra"

Question 34

How is the medieval world commonly termed?

Answer 34

The "middle ages"

Question 35

Role of the RCC in the Middle Ages

Answer 35

It functioned as the "social cement" It performed many of the record-keeping, judicial & welfare functions

Question 36

Which are the early developments of the RCC - dissemination?

Answer 36

- Patrick (Ireland) - king Clovis (franks) - Arian Visigoths & king Recared (Spain) - Gregory I ("Gregory the great" ): pope

Question 37

RCC dissemination: Patrick Ireland - when?

Answer 37

Patrick "evangelized" Ireland early in the 5th century - facts confused by legend

Question 38

RCC dissemination - who is Clovis?

Answer 38

King of the franks

Question 39

RCC dissemination- who was Spain under?

Answer 39

Under the rule of the Arian Visigoths King Recared officially proclaimed the conversion of the people to Catholicism

Question 40

RCC dissemination - what did the pope Gregory I "Gregory the great " do?

Answer 40

- Acted as ruler of Rome - took measures to promote clerical celibacy - affirmed the existence of a place of purification and thus gave impetus to the development of the doctrine of purgatory

Question 41

RCC religious practices

Answer 41

- Purgatory - sacraments - saints - relic

Question 42

Explain the religious practice of purgatory

Answer 42

"A place or state in which are detained the souls of those who die in grace, in friendship with God, but with the blemish of venial sin or with temporal debt for sin unpaid. Here the soul is purged, cleansed, readied for eternal union with God in heaven.” Suffering in purgatory

Question 43

Explain the religious practice of sacraments. What are the different sacraments? (7)

Answer 43

They are an efficacious sign of grace -baptism -Holy Eucharist -penance or confession -confirmation -holy orders -extreme unction

Question 44

Explain the baptism sacrament

Answer 44

It washes away the stain of Adam’s original sin It unites person with RCC

Question 45

Explain the holy Eucharist sacrament

Answer 45

It’s the heart of the mass worship service Transubstantiation: At the priests words, the elements actually become the body and blood of Christ

Question 46

What is transubstantiation?

Answer 46

At the priest’s words, the elements actually become the body and blood of Christ

Question 47

Explain the penance or confession sacrament

Answer 47

Priest privately listens to a person confessing sins which are then forgiven The forgiven sinner is assigned some prayers to say and works to be done as penance

Question 48

Explain the confirmation sacrament

Answer 48

Faith publicly affirmed, holy spirit received

Question 49

Explain the holy orders or ordination sacrament

Answer 49

Priests are sanctioned for their work by a bishop

Question 50

Explain the extreme unction sacrament

Answer 50

"Last rites "given by a priest to someone near death for forgiveness of sins

Question 51

Explain the religious practice of saints

Answer 51

Some may have become canonized "saints "

Question 52

Explain the religious practice of relic

Answer 52

A religious object associated with a religious leader or the body part of such