The Medieval World - Part 2

Question 1

Medieval world part 2 chronology

Answer 1

1337 - 1453 Hundred Years’ War between England& France

1347 - 1352 Black Death (the plague) devastates Europe (1st main wave)

1350 - 1600 The Renaissance (using a broad time span)

1378 - 1417 The great western schism

1440s Movable Metal type used in printing -Johann Gutenberg

Question 2

Hundred Years’ War between England& France

Answer 2

1337 - 1453

Question 3

Black Death (the plague) devastates Europe (1st main wave)

Answer 3

1347 - 1352

Question 4

The Renaissance (using a broad time span)

Answer 4

1350 - 1600

Question 5

The great western schism

Answer 5

1378 - 1417

Question 6

Movable Metal type used in printing -Johann Gutenberg

Answer 6

1440s

Question 7

Spanish Inquisition (who it was organized under, its purpose & its methods )

Answer 7

-organized under the RC monarchs Ferdinand & Isabella

-to combat heresy

-its methods included torture, confiscation & burning

Question 8

What was the Black Death

Answer 8

Combination of bubonic & pneumonic plagues

Question 9

Major European point of entry for Black Death

Answer 9

Through the shipping ports of Sicily

Question 10

What was the Black Death plague like?

Answer 10

Episodic

Question 11

Black Death cause

Answer 11

A bacterium

Unscientific medieval Europeans had no true idea what was causing the carnage

Question 12

Black Death different forms of manifestation

Answer 12

Bubonic

Pneumonic

Question 13

Transmission to humans

Answer 13

Bubonic: rats disembark & carry fleas

Pneumonic: by coughing or sneezing

Question 14

Responses to the Black Death

Answer 14

Flagellants sought a purging by flogging themselves

Question 15

Black Death consequences

Answer 15

In some respects the Black Death may have weakened the RCC & paved the way for reformation

Question 16

Avignon papacy (what happened)

Answer 16

Bishop of Rome (pope) moves from Rome to Avignon, France -under the control of French kings

Question 17

During the Avignon papacy where did the pope move? Under whose control ?

Answer 17

From Rome to France (Avignon)

Under the control of French kings

Question 18

RCC developments

Answer 18

Patronage

Question 19

Types of patronage

Answer 19

Pluralism

Absenteeism

Question 20

What happened in the great western schism?

Answer 20

Pope Clement took up arms against Pope Urban & attacked Rome,
being repulsed, Clement fled to Avignon

Question 21

What was the result of the great western schism?

Answer 21

One pope in Rome, one in Avignon

Question 22

Solution to the western schism

Answer 22

The conciliar movement

Question 23

What is a conciliar movement?

Answer 23

Notion that a universal council, representing the entire church, had more authority than the pope

Question 24

What are the different councils

Answer 24

Pisa council

Council of Constance

Question 25

Pisa council

Answer 25

Cardinals then selected a new pope Problem: the two other popes refused to accept the decision of the council & now there were three popes (Roman pope, Avignon pope, conciliar pope)

Question 26

Council of Constance

Answer 26

Two of the competing popes were deposed or "resigned "

Question 27

What did the conciliar movement achieve?

Answer 27

The conciliar movement eventually ended the RCC multi-pope dilemma

Question 28

Who translated the first English Bible?

Answer 28

John Wycliffe

Question 29

He was a Prague professor charged with heresy, tried, convicted & burned at the stake

Answer 29

John Huss

Question 30

Who wins the Hundred Years’ War?

Answer 30

France wins

Question 31

What happened to Joan of Arc?

Answer 31

The English burned her at the stake -she was abandoned to her fate by the French king Eventually canonized a RC Saint

Question 32

Significance / results of the Hundred Years’ War

Answer 32

Increased nationalism -the war established England & France as clearly distinct nations

Question 33

The war of the roses (who won and who died)

Answer 33

Henry Tudor won the war Henry’s eldest son, Arthur, died

Question 34

In Spain, who married?

Answer 34

Ferdinand married Isabella

Question 35

Fernando and Isabella (who they were and what they did )

Answer 35

Spanish "Catholic sovereigns" "Completed" the reconquista (re-conquest)

Question 36

What is the reconquista?

Answer 36

A "crusade" designed to oust Muslims who had invaded Spain

Question 37

The "electors" in Germany (who were they and what did they have)?

Answer 37

- Princes of the Holy Roman Empire who hold the right to elect the holy Roman emperor, aka the German king - possessed considerable independence within their domains

Question 38

Renaissance meaning

Answer 38

French word meaning “rebirth”

Question 39

Where did the renaissance move across?

Answer 39

Renaissance moved across the Alps

Question 40

How did the Renaissance become known moving north?

Answer 40

Moving north, it became known as the northern Renaissance

Question 41

What is the high Renaissance?

Answer 41

Time when artistic work reached a "peak" of perfection

Question 42

Aspects /facets of the Renaissance

Answer 42

Humanism Secularism Individualism

Question 43

Humanism

Answer 43

Term with multiple dimensions Cultural movement that emphasized rediscovery of Ancient Greek and Roman ideas/values

Question 44

Secularism

Answer 44

The Renaissance era tended to emphasize secular concerns, it did not seek to fully exclude God

Question 45

Individualism

Answer 45

A school of thought emphasizing the importance of the individual

Question 46

Where did Renaissance take place?

Answer 46

Renaissance began in northern Italy Florence ( Firenze) is best identified as the cultural center or "heart " of Renaissance life

Question 47

Why did Renaissance take place?

Answer 47

Italian leaders possessed disposable income for patronage ( sponsorship) of the arts

Question 48

What did Johann Gutenberg do?

Answer 48

“invented” movable metal type -fashioned single letters & words out of metal -these could be combined in trays to form words or sentences

Question 49

Cosimo de Medici

Answer 49

Ruled Florence The de Medici family made money through banking

Question 50

Leonardo da Vinci

Answer 50

True “Renaissance man” (multi -talented)

Question 51

Girolamo Savonarola

Answer 51

Preached against papal immorality

Question 52

Desiderius Erasmus ( important for exam )

Answer 52

Dutch scholar Referred to as the **"Prince of humanists"**

Question 53

Niccolo Machiavelli (important for exam)

Answer 53

Wrote **The Prince** Stress / emphasis: what is **effective** over what is ethical

Question 54

Michelangelo Buonarroti

Answer 54

He paints the Sistine chapel ceiling

Question 55

Raphael

Answer 55

Notable work: school of Athens

Question 56

William Shakespeare

Answer 56

Works provide a study on human personality