Root Camp Lecture 2 - Instruments Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
Used to enlarge and clean root canals
A
Files
2
Q
Root canal preps consist of the use of mechanical _____________ and _____________ solutions
A
instruments; irrigating
3
Q
Removal of vital or necrotic pulp tissue
A
Cleaning + shaping
4
Q
Creating a space for the delivery of medicaments or obturation
A
Cleaning + shaping
5
Q
Endo instruments with different diameters and tapers are used to shape the canals and establish an ________ _________ for the root canal filling
A
apical stop
6
Q
What are the 4 types of hand files?
A
K-files
K-flex/K-flexofiles
Hedstrom files
C-files
7
Q
What are the types of metal alloys?
A
Carbon steel
Stainless steel
Nickel-titanium
8
Q
Which metal alloy?
Rigid instruments, inflexible
A
Carbon steel
9
Q
Which metal alloy?
Susceptible to corrosion
A
Carbon steel
10
Q
Which metal alloy?
High rates of file separation
A
Carbon steel
11
Q
Which metal alloy?
Iron alloys that contain Chromium levels above 12% and Nickel (~6%)
A
Stainless steel
12
Q
Which metal alloy?
Chromium adds oxidation protection to the alloy; Nickel increases the resistance
A
Stainless steel
13
Q
Which metal alloy?
Good corrosion and fracture resistance
Great toughness and hardness
Allows instrument to withstand the different forces applied during root canal prep
A
Stainless steel
14
Q
What are most hand files made out of?
A
Stainless steel
15
Q
What are the standard lengths of hand files?
A
21
25
31
16
Q
The working part of a hand file has a fixed length of ______ mm
A
16mm
17
Q
What is the difference between 21, 25, and 31 hand files?
A
Shaft length
18
Q
What color is a #6 hand file?
A
Pink
19
Q
What color is a #8 hand file?
A
Grey
20
Q
What color is a #10 hand file?
A
Purple
21
Q
What color is a #15 hand file?
A
White
22
Q
What color is a #20 hand file?
A
Yellow
23
Q
What color is a #25 hand file?
A
Red
24
Q
What color is a #30 hand file?
A
Blue
25
What color is a #35 hand file?
Green
26
What color is a #40 hand file?
Black
27
What color is a #45 hand file?
White
28
What color is a #50 hand file?
Yellow
29
What color is a #55 hand file?
Red
30
What color is a #60 hand file?
Blue
31
What color is a #70 hand file?
Green
32
What color is a #80 hand file?
Black
33
What color is a #90 hand file?
White
34
What color is a #100 hand file?
Yellow
35
What color is a #110 hand file?
Red
36
What color is a #120 hand file?
Blue
37
What color is a #130 hand file?
Green
38
What color is a #140 hand file?
Black
39
What does the # of a hand file represent?
Diameter of the tip
(example: #6 is 0.06 mm at the tip, #80 is 0.80 mm at the tip)
40
The diameters increase in ___ - ___ from #6 to #10
2-2
41
The diameters increase in ___ - ___ from #10 to #60
5-5
42
The diameters increase in ___ - ___ from #60 to #140
10-10
43
What are the 4 elements of the working part of the hand file?
Cross-section
Cutting edges
Tip design
Taper
44
Which element of the working part of the hand file?
Comes in different shapes
Cross-section
45
Which element of the working part of the hand file?
Affects the ability of the instrument to cut and remove dentin
Cross-section
46
Which element of the working part of the hand file?
Varies according to the type of instrument
Cutting edges
47
Which element of the working part of the hand file?
The angle between the cutting edge and root canal walls affect the cutting ability
Cutting edges
48
Which element of the working part of the hand file?
Pyramidal end of the working part of the file
Tip design
49
Which element of the working part of the hand file?
May be cutting, non-cutting, or semi-cutting
Tip design
50
Hand files are __________
conical
51
What is the taper of ISO standardized hand files?
0.02 mm
52
Which element of the working part of the hand file?
Represents the increase in diameter from the tip to the shaft
Taper
53
Name the 3 kinematics of endo instruments
Exploration
Reaming
Filing
54
Which kinematic of endo instruments?
Root canal negotiating/scouting
Exploration
55
Which kinematic of endo instruments?
Clockwise and counterclockwise oscillatory motion, w/ light apical pressure (watch-winding movement)
Exploration
56
Which kinematic of endo instruments?
Rotation in clockwise direction
Reaming
57
Which kinematic of endo instruments?
Enlarges the root canal diameter
Reaming
58
Which kinematic of endo instruments?
Rasping action w/ push-pull motion
Filing
59
Which kinematic of endo instruments?
Filing cuts debris from the root canal walls
Filing
60
Which hand file?
Kerr manufacturing company
K-files
61
Which hand file?
Fabricated by twisting of a conical stainless steel blank
K-files
62
Which hand file?
Square cross-section: #6-40
Triangular cross-section: #45-140
Standard taper: 0.02
Available in 21, 25, 31 mm
K-files
63
Which hand file?
Helix angle of 45 degrees to long axis
K-files
64
Which hand file?
Pyramidal squared or conical tip
K-files
65
Which hand file?
Used for:
Exploration
Reaming
Filing
K-files
66
Which hand file?
Resistance to buckling
K-files
67
Which hand file?
One of the best instruments for penetration + initial negotiation of root canals, using watch-winding movement
Small diameter K-files
68
Which hand file?
Versatile
Good overall resistance
Great resistance to buckling
Limited flexibility
K-files
69
Which hand file?
In curved roots, its limited flexibility may cause:
Ledges
Root canal deviation
Apical transportation
Perforation
K-files
70
Which hand file?
Less spirals
Triangular cross-section
K-Reamers
71
Which hand file?
Used exclusively for reaming
K-Reamers
72
Which hand file?
Not used as much as the K-files
K-Reamers
73
Which hand file?
Manufactured in stainless steel, from #15-40
K-flex/K-flexofiles
74
Which hand file?
Twisting of a conical blank
K-flex/K-flexofiles
75
Which hand file?
Change: from square to triangular or rhomboid wire
K-flex/K-flexofiles
76
Which hand file?
Triangular/rhomboid: less metallic mass
K-flex/K-flexofiles
77
Which hand file?
Less metallic mass = more flexibility
K-flex/K-flexofiles
78
Which hand file?
Standard taper: 0.02
Available in 21, 25, 31 mm
K-files
K-flex/K-flexofiles
79
Why are K-flex/K-flexofiles preferable for curved root canals? (3)
Lower metallic mass
Higher flexural strength
Higher torsional resistance
80
Which hand file?
Manufactured by milling of a stainless steel wire
Hedstrom files
81
Which hand file?
Tear drop cross-section
Hedstrom files
82
Which hand file?
Used exclusively for filing
Hedstrom files
83
Which hand file?
Excellent filing effectiveness
Hedstrom files
84
Which hand file?
Positive rake angle
Hedstrom files
85
Which hand file?
Not suitable for reaming, due to increased risk of fracture
Hedstrom files
86
One of the oldest endo instruments
Barbed broaches
87
A chisel is used on a round blank of steel to cut barbs along the working part
Barbed broaches
88
Developed to extirpate the pulp tissue
Barbed broaches
89
Which hand file?
K-type instruments designed for the negotiation of narrow or calcified root canals
C-files
90
Which hand file?
Greater resistance to buckling
Available in ISO sizes #6, 8, 10, 15
C-files
91
Endo motors have controlled __________ and _________. They also have some additional resources like auto-reverse and other kinematic motions
torque; speed
92
Which metal alloy?
Nickel proportion: 50-56%
Nickel-Titanium
93
Which metal alloy?
Main characteristic = superflexibility
Nickel-Titanium
94
Which metal alloy?
Higher flexural and torsional resistance
Nickel-Titanium
95
Which metal alloy?
Higher resistance to cyclic fatigue
Nickel-Titanium
96
Which metal alloy?
Up to 5x more flexible than stainless steel alloy
Nickel-Titanium
97
What are the rotary files?
Vortex orifice openers
Vortex blue
98
Which rotary file?
Coronal flaring
Vortex orifice openers
99
Which rotary file?
Provides straight-line access to the middle and apical parts of the root canal
Vortex orifice openers
100
Which rotary file?
Facilitates insertion of rotary files by reducing coronal friction
Vortex orifice openers
101
Which rotary file?
Better irrigation towards apex
Vortex orifice openers
102
Which rotary file?
Working part is 12 mm
Available in 16 and 19 mm
Options: #20.08, 25.10, 25.12, 30.12, 40.12
Vortex orifice openers
103
How do you read the numbers on a vortex orifice opener? Example: #25.12
.25 = diameter at tip
.12 = taper
104
Which rotary file?
Should not be used in curved segments
Vortex orifice openers
105
Which rotary file?
Overshaping weakens the tooth structure -> prone to fracture
Vortex orifice openers
106
Which rotary file?
Original version (Vortex M-wire) = shape memory
Vortex Blue
107
Which rotary file?
Controlled memory
Vortex Blue
108
Which rotary file?
The files can be curved and straightened again - favorable for curved canals
Vortex Blue
109
Which rotary file?
Working part is 12 mm
Available in 21, 25, and 30 mm
Options from #15-50, tapers 0.04 and 0.06
Vortex Blue
110
Which rotary file?
Triangular cross-section
Color coded as ISO standard
Vortex Blue
111
What do the bands on the shaft of Vortex Blue rotary files mean?
Taper
(example: 3 bands x 2 = 0.06 taper; 2 bands x 2 = 0.04 taper)
112
Which rotary file?
Favors the prep of the curved canals
Vortex Blue
113
Which rotary file?
Decreased risk of causing a ledge, canal transportation, perforations, and file separation
Vortex Blue
114
The flexibility of endo instruments is affected by which 4 factors?
1. Alloy composition (stainless steel/nickel-titanium)
2. Cross-section form (metallic mass)
3. Manufacturing process (shape memory/controlled memory)
4. Diameter (larger the diameter, the less flexible)
115
Used for coronal flaring (orifice opener)
Gates-Glidden drills
116
Safety tip
Gates-Glidden drills
Largo/peeso drills
117
Oval, side cutting instrument (triple helix)
Gates-Glidden drills
118
Used for post prepartation
Largo/peeso drills
119
Similar shape of Gates-Glidden drills, but have a longer working part
Largo/peeso drills
120
Lengths: 28 or 32 mm
Gates-Glidden drills
Largo/peeso drills
