Root Combining Forms Flashcards
1
Q
aden/o
A
gland
2
Q
arthr/o
A
joint
3
Q
bi/o
A
life
4
Q
carcin/o
A
cancerous, cancer
5
Q
cardi/o
A
heart
6
Q
cephal/o
A
head
7
Q
cerebr/o
A
cerebrum (largest part of the brain)
8
Q
cis/o
A
to cut
9
Q
crin/o
A
to secrete (to form and give off)
10
Q
cyst/o
A
urinary bladder; a sac or cyst (sac containing fluid)
11
Q
cyt/o
A
cell
12
Q
derm/o
dermat/o
A
skin
13
Q
electr/o
A
electricity
14
Q
encephal/o
A
brain
15
Q
enter/o
A
intestines (usually the small intestine)
16
Q
erythr/o
A
red
17
Q
gastr/o
A
stomach
18
Q
glyc/o
gluc/o
A
sugar
19
Q
gnos/o
A
knowledge
20
Q
gynec/o
A
woman, female
21
Q
hemat/o
hem/o
A
blood
22
Q
hepat/o
A
liver
23
Q
iatr/o
A
treatment, physician
24
Q
leuk/o
A
white
25
log/o
study of
26
nephr/o
kidney (Greek)
27
neur/o
nerve
28
onc/o
tumor (cancerous)
29
ophthalm/o
eye
30
oste/o
bone
31
path/o
disease
32
ped/o
child
33
psych/o
mind
34
radi/o
x-rays; radius (forearm bone, thumb side)
35
ren/o
kidney (Latin)
36
rhin/o
nose
37
sarc/o
flesh, muscle
38
sect/o
to cut
39
thromb/o
clot, clotting
40
ur/o
urinary tract, urine, urea
41
vascul/o
blood vessel
42
metr/o
to measure
43
hist/o
tissue
44
thel/o
theli/o
breast nipple
45
dors/o
back
46
ventr/o
belly
47
chondr/o
cartilage
48
inguin/o
groin
49
abdomin/o
lapar/o
abdomen
50
adip/o
lip/o
fat
51
anter/o
front
52
cervic/o
neck (of the body or of the uterus)
53
chrom/o
color
54
coccyg/o
coccyx (tailbone)
55
crani/o
cranium (skull)
56
dist/o
far, distant
57
ili/o
ilium (upper part of the hip bone)
58
kary/o
nucleus
59
later/o
side
60
lumb/o
lower back; loins
61
medi/o
middle
62
nucle/o
nucleus
63
pelv/i
pelv/o
pelvis
64
pharyng/o
pharynx (throat)
65
poster/o
back, behind
66
proxim/o
nearest
67
sacr/o
sacrum
68
spin/o
spine, backbone
69
thorac/o
chest
70
trache/o
trachea, windpipe
71
umbilic/o
omphal/o
navel, umbilicus
72
vertebr/o
vertebra(e), backbone(s)
73
viscer/o
internal organs
74
bol/o
to cast
75
lith/o
stone
76
acr/o
extremities, top, extreme point
77
acu/o
sharp, severe, sudden
78
amni/o
amnion (sac surrounding the embryo in the uterus)
79
angi/o
vessel
80
arteri/o
arter/o
artery
81
axill/o
armpit
82
blephar/o
eyelid
83
bronch/o
bronchi/o
bronchial tube, bronchus
84
chem/o
drug, chemical
85
chron/o
time
86
col/o
colon/o
colon (large intestine)
87
hydr/o
water, fluid
88
isch/o
to hold back
89
laryng/o
larynx, voice box
90
lymph/o
lymph
91
mamm/o
mast/o
breast
92
morph/o
shape, form
93
muc/o
mucus
94
my/o
myom/o
muscle, muscle tumor
95
myel/o
spinal cord; bone marrow
96
necr/o
death (of cells or the whole body)
97
neutr/o
neutral (neither base nor acid); neutrophil (a white blood cell)
98
opi/o
opium
99
ot/o
ear
100
peritone/o
peritoneum
101
phag/o
to eat, swallow
102
phleb/o
vein
103
plas/o
formation, development
104
pleur/o
pleura
105
pneumon/o
pulmon/o
lungs
106
rect/o
rectum
107
splen/o
spleen
108
staphyl/o
clusters
109
strept/o
twisted chains
110
tonsill/o
tonsils
111
ven/o
ven/i
vein
112
phalang/o
phalanges (finger and/or toe bones)
113
isch/o
to hold back
114
narc/o
stupor, sleep
115
dipl/o
two
116
gon/o
seed
117
eosin/o
rosy, red, dawn
118
bas/o
basic
119
carp/o
wrist bones
120
cost/o
ribs (true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs)
121
cutane/o
skin
122
dactyl/o
fingers, toes
123
duct/o
lead, carry
124
flex/o
bend
125
furc/o
branching
126
gloss/o
tongue
127
immun/o
protection
128
mort/o
death
129
nat/i
birth
130
norm/o
rule, order
131
ox/o
oxygen
132
pub/o
pubis (pubic bone); anterior portion of the pelvic or hip bone
133
seps/o
infection
134
somn/o
sleep
135
son/o
sound
136
tens/o
force, strain, stretch
137
the/o
put, place
138
thyr/o
thyroid gland; shield (shape the thyroid gland resembled to those who named it)
139
top/o
place, position, location
140
tox/o
toxic/o
poison
141
urethr/o
urethra
142
is/o
same, equal
143
pharmaceut/o
drug
144
therapeut/o
treatment
145
vitr/o
glass
146
viv/o
life
147
tom/o
to cut, as in viewing in slices
148
fluor/o
luminous
149
roentgen/o
x-rays
150
alges/o
sensitivity to pain
151
aer/o
air
152
cras/o
mixture
153
idi/o
individual, peculiar
154
erg/o
work
155
esthes/o
feeling, sensation
156
hypn/o
sleep
157
lingu/o
tongue
158
myc/o
mold, fungus
159
or/o
stomat/o
mouth
160
pharmac/o
drug
161
prurit/o
itching
162
pyret/o
fever
163
thec/o
sheath (of brain and spinal cord)
164
vas/o
vessel, duct, vas deferens
165
vit/o
life
166
an/o
anus
167
append/o
appentic/o
appendix
168
bucc/o
cheek
169
cec/o
cecum
170
celi/o
belly, abdomen
171
cheil/o
labi/o
lip
172
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
173
chol/e
bil/i
gall, bile
174
choledoch/o
common bile duct
175
dent/I
odont/o
tooth
176
duoden/o
duodenum
177
esophag/o
esophagus
178
faci/o
face
179
gingiv/o
gums
180
ile/o
ileum
181
jejun/o
jejunum
182
mandibul/o
lower jaw, mandible
183
orth/o
straight, upright
184
palat/o
palate
185
pancreat/o
pancreas
186
peritone/o
peritoneum
187
proct/o
anus and rectum
188
pylor/o
pyloric sphincter
189
sialaden/o
salivary gland
190
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
191
uvul/o
uvula
192
amyl/o
starch
193
bilirubin/o
bilirubin (bile pigment)
194
chlorhydr/o
hydrochloric acid
195
glycogen/o
glycogen, animal starch
196
prote/o
protein
197
py/o
pus
198
sial/o
saliva, salivary
199
steat/o
fat
200
eti/o
cause
201
idi/o
unknown
202
cholangi/o
bile duct (vessel)
203
phas/o
speech
204
men/o
menstrual, menses, menstruation
205
herni/o
hernia
206
bar/o
weight
207
home/o
sameness
208
cali/o
calic/o
calyx (calix); cup-shaped
209
glomerul/o
glomerulus
210
meat/o
meatus
211
pyel/o
renal pelvis
212
trigon/o
trigone (region of the bladder)
213
ureter/o
ureter
214
vesic/o
urinary bladder
215
albumin/o
albumin (a protein in the blood)
216
azot/o
nitrogen
217
bacteri/o
bacteria
218
dips/o
thirst
219
kal/i
potassium
220
ket/o
keton/o
ketone bodies (ketoacids and acetone)
221
natr/o
sodium
222
noct/o
night
223
olig/o
scanty
224
urin/o
urine
225
corpor/o
body
226
bartholin/o
Bartholin gland
227
chori/o
chorion/o
chorion
228
colp/o
vagin/o
vagina
229
culd/o
cul-de-sac
230
episi/o
vulv/o
vulva
231
galact/o
lact/o
milk
232
hyster/o
uter/o
uterus, womb
233
metr/o
metri/o
uterus
234
obstetr/o
pregnancy and childbirth
235
o/o
ov/o
ovul/o
egg
236
oophor/o
ovari/o
ovary
237
perine/o
perineum
238
phor/o
to bear
239
salping/o
fallopian tubes
240
lei/o
smooth
241
terat/o
monster
242
andr/o
male
243
balan/o
glans penis (from Green balanos, meaning acorn)
244
cry/o
cold
245
crypt/o
hidden
246
epididym/o
epididymis
247
orch/o
orchi/o
orchid/o
test/o
testis, testicle
248
pen/o
penis
249
prostat/o
prostate gland
250
semin/i
semen, seed
251
sperm/o
spermat/o
semen, seed
252
varic/o
varicose veins
253
zo/o
animal life
254
asthen/o
lack of strength
255
cerebell/o
cerebellum
256
dura mater
dur/o
257
gli/o
glial cells
258
lept/o
thin, slender
259
mening/o
meningi/o
membranes, meninges
260
pont/o
pons
261
radicul/o
nerve root (of spinal nerves)
262
thalam/o
thalamus
263
thec/o
sheath (refers to the meninges)
264
vag/o
vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve)
265
caus/o
burning
266
comat/o
deep sleep (coma)
267
esthesi/o
feeling, nervous sensation
268
kines/o
kinesi/o
movement
269
lex/o
word, phrase
270
syncop/o
to cut off, cut short
271
tax/o
order, coordination
272
aort/o
aorta
273
ather/o
yellowish plaque, fatty substance
274
atri/o
atrium, upper heart chamber
275
brachi/o
arm
276
cholesterol/o
cholesterol (a lipid substance)
277
coron/o
heart
278
cyan/o
blue
279
myx/o
mucus
280
pericardi/o
pericardium
281
rrhythm/o
rhythm
282
sphygm/o
pulse
283
steth/o
chest
284
valvul/o
valv/o
valve
285
ventricul/o
ventricle, lower heart chamber
286
adenoid/o
adenoids
287
alveol/o
alveolus, air sac
288
bronchiol/o
bronchiole, small bronchus
289
capn/o
carbon dioxide
290
coni/o
dust
291
epiglott/o
epiglottis
292
lob/o
lobe of the lung
293
mediastin/o
mediastinum
294
nas/o
nose
295
pector/o
chest
296
phon/o
voice
297
phren/o
diaphragm
298
pneum/o
pneumon/o
air, lung
299
sinus/o
sinus, cavity
300
spir/o
breathing
301
tel/o
complete
302
coagul/o
clotting
303
granul/o
granules
304
hemoglobin/o
hemoglobin
305
mon/o
one, single
306
poikil/o
varied, irregular
307
sider/o
Iron
308
spher/o
globe, round
309
lymphaden/o
lymph node (gland)
310
thym/o
thymus gland
311
calc/o
calci/o
calcium
312
kyph/o
humpback, hunchback (posterior curvature in the thoracic region)
313
lamin/o
lamina (part of the vertebral arch)
314
lord/o
curve, swayback (anterior curvature in the lumbar region)
315
scoli/o
crooked, bent (lateral curvature)
316
spondyl/o
vertebra (when used to make words about conditions of the structure rather than the structure itself)
317
acetabul/o
acetabulum (hip socket)
318
calcane/o
calcaneus (heel)
319
carp/o
carpals (wrist bones)
320
clavicul/o
clavicle (collar bone)
321
femor/o
femur (thigh bone)
322
fibul/o
fibula (smaller lower leg bone)
323
humer/o
humerus (upper arm bone)
324
ischi/o
ischium (posterior part of the pelvic bone)
325
malleol/o
malleolus (process on each side of the ankle)
326
maxill/o
maxilla (upper jawbone)
327
metacarp/o
metacarpals (hand bones)
328
metatars/o
metatarsals (foot bones)
329
olecran/o
olecranon (elbow)
330
patell/o
patella (kneecap)
331
scapul/o
scapula (shoulder blade)
332
stern/o
sternum (breastbone)
333
tars/o
tarsals (bones of the mid and hindfoot)
334
tibi/o
tibia (shinbone)
335
uln/o
ulna (forearm bone, little finger side)
336
ankyl/o
stiff
337
articul/o
joint
338
burs/o
bursa
339
ligament/o
ligament
340
rheumat/o
watery flow
341
synov/o
synovial membrane
342
ten/o
tendon
343
tendin/o
tendon
344
fasci/o
fascia (forms sheaths enveloping muscles)
345
fibr/o
fibrous connective tissue
346
leiomy/o
smooth (visceral) muscle that lines the walls of internal organs
347
myos/o
muscle
348
plant/o
sole of the foot
349
rhabdomy/o
skeletal (striated) muscle connected to bones
