ROOTS

Question 1

5 Main Functions of Roots

Answer 1

Anchorage
Absorption
Conduction
Storage
Communication

Question 2

Types of root systems

Answer 2

TAPROOT SYSTEM
FIBROUS ROOT SYSTEM

Question 3

A root system consisting of one prominent main root with smaller lateral roots branching from it

Answer 3

TAPROOT SYSTEM

Question 4

A root system consisting of several adventitious roots of approximately equal size that arise from the base of the stem

Answer 4

FIBROUS ROOT SYSTEM

Question 5

In monocots when seeds germinate radicle grows to form the primary root but this root is short lived and soon perishes. Seminal roots arise from coleorhiza to help absorption of water.

Answer 5

true

Question 6

Region of Elongation or Differentiation
contains the

Answer 6

Protoderm

Ground Meristem

Procambium

Question 7

Region of Maturation or Specialization
contains the

Answer 7

Epidermis

Cortex
Pith

Xylem
Phloem

Question 8

a unicellular extension of the root epidermis.
Increase the surface area in contact with the soil

Answer 8

root hairs

Question 9

Each root tip contains a protective loose layers of cells

Covers delicate root apical meristem

Detects gravity so root grows downward (positively gravitropic)

Secretes mucilagenous substance that moistens ground and facilitates root penetration and nutrient absorption

Answer 9

root cap

Question 10

protects the root’s apical meristem.

Answer 10

root cap

Question 11

To reach the vascular tissues, water and dissolved minerals must pass through the plasma membranes of _______

Answer 11

endodermal cells

Question 12

A layer of cells just inside the endodermis of the root
Gives rise to lateral roots

Answer 12

PERICYCLE

Question 13

Lateral Roots Arise from the Pericycle of the ________

Answer 13

Stele

Question 14

Monocot roots often have a pith in the center of the root

In herbaceous eudicot roots, xylem and phloem form a solid mass in center of root

Answer 14

true

Question 15

Monocot roots lack ____, they Do not have secondary growth

Answer 15

vascular cambium

Question 16

Outer protective covering of roots

Answer 16

Epidermis

Question 17

tissues in roots that consists of parenchyma cells and Usually stores starch

Answer 17

Ground tissues:

Question 18

Ground tissues in roots consists of

Answer 18

Cortex
Pith (in certain roots)

Question 19

complex tissues for conduction of substances

Answer 19

Vascular tissues

Question 20

Vascular tissues in the root

Answer 20

Xylem Phloem

Question 21

Vascular tissues in the root that conducts water and dissolved minerals

Answer 21

Xylem

Question 22

Vascular tissues in the root that conducts dissolved sugar

Answer 22

phloem

Question 23

Innermost layer of the cortex of the root that prevents water and dissolved materials from entering the xylem by passing between cells

Answer 23

ENDODERMIS

Question 24

A band of waterproof material around the radial and transverse cells of the endodermis
Ensures that water and minerals enter the xylem only by passing through the endodermal cells

Answer 24

CASPARIAN STRIP

Question 25

In a primary eudicot root, water moves from soil into center of root:

Answer 25

Water Movement

Question 26

Water Movement in plants

Answer 26

Root hair → epidermis → cortex (symplast or apoplast pathway) → endodermis → pericycle → xylem of root

Question 27

Water is transported upward through

Answer 27

root xylem into stem xylem and rest of plant

Question 28

A continuum consisting of the cytoplasm of many plant cells, connected from one cell to the next by plasmodesmata osmosis slower due to resistance used for water to travel beyond the cortex

Answer 28

SYMPLAST

Question 29

A continuum consisting of the interconnected, porous plant cell walls, along which water moves freely passive diffusion faster due to less resistance used by the secondary growth

Answer 29

APOPLAST

Question 30

route used so water could pass through the casparian strip

Answer 30

SYMPLAST

Question 31

An extension of an epidermal cell of a root that increases absorptive capacity of the root Short-lived Increase surface area of root in contact with moist soil, increasing root’s absorptive capacity

Answer 31

Root Hairs

Question 32

Modified Roots

Answer 32

Food storage Propagative roots Pneumatophores Aerial Roots Photosynthetic roots of some orchids Contractile roots some herbaceous dicots and monocots Buttress roots Parasitic roots Symbiotic roots

Question 33

Swollen bases or braces that hold trees upright Aid in extensive distribution of shallow roots Found in some tropical rainforest trees

Answer 33

Buttress Roots

Question 34

A specialized aerial root produced by certain trees living in swampy habitats May facilitate gas exchange between the atmosphere and submerged roots

Answer 34

PNEUMATOPHORE

Question 35

Exposed roots maximize the uptake of oxygen.

Answer 35

Low tide:

Question 36

Submerged roots perform anaerobic respiration.

Answer 36

High tide:

Question 37

An adventitious root that arises from the stem and provides additional support for the plant.

Answer 37

prop root

Question 38

aerial roots that provide support to the tree. adventitious root

Answer 38

Prop roots

Question 39

the roots that arise from the base of the plant and perform the function of supporting the plant. adventitious root

Answer 39

Stilt roots

Question 40

root that arises from any point other than the radicle (embryonic root) or the root axis of a plant. form from any nonroot tissue and are produced both during normal development

Answer 40

Adventitious root

Question 41

An adventitious root that arises from the stem and provides additional support for the plant

Answer 41

Prop Roots

Question 42

specialized root, often found on bulbs or corms, that contracts and pulls the plant to a desirable depth in the soil

Answer 42

Contractile Roots

Question 43

often have contractile roots that lose much of their length as root cells shorten and broaden.

Answer 43

Plants that produce corms or bulbs

Question 44

True bulbs, with the exception of some Oxalis, are exclusively found in the monocots whereas Tubers and Corms tend to be Eudicots

Answer 44

true

Question 45

are green, aerial, adventitious roots also called assimilatory roots which prepare food materials by photosynthesis Aerial roots that perform photosynthesis. (maximizes photosynthesis by exposing the roots)

Answer 45

Photosynthetic Roots

Question 46

2 types of symbiotic roots

Answer 46

MYCORRHIZA NODULE

Question 47

A small swelling on the root of a leguminous plant in which beneficial nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Rhizobium) live Mutualism between a plant and bacterium.

Answer 47

NODULE

Question 48

A mutually beneficial association between a fungus and a root that helps the plant absorb essential minerals from the soil "fungus roots" where a symbiotic relationship forms between a plant and a fungus.

Answer 48

MYCORRHIZA

Question 49

explain how nodules work

Answer 49

Bacteria: Fix atmospheric nitrogen to a form that the plant can utilize. Plant: Provides food and shelter to bacteria.

Question 50

explain how mycorrhiza works

Answer 50

Fungus: Provides protection against some types of pathogens and increase the surface area for the absorption of essential nutrients (e.g. phosphorous) from the soil. Plant: Provides food for the fungus in the form of sugar and amino acids.

Question 51

With fungus for phosporus absorption

Answer 51

Mycorrhiza

Question 52

plant roots that form clusters of closely spaced short lateral rootlets. They may form a two- to five-centimetre-thick mat just beneath the leaf litter. acquisition of P and other mineral nutrients. Although increase in root surface area may be a contributing factor, in many species these roots excrete large amounts of organic acids and phenolics.

Answer 52

Cluster roots

Question 53

penetrates host plant and connecting them to vascular tissues

Answer 53

Parasitic roots

Question 54

roots that store lareg quanitites of starch and carbohydrates

Answer 54

Storage Roots

Question 55

Economic Importance of roots

Answer 55

Rootcrops as sources of starch Some roots are used as flavorings Medicine