Roots

Question 1

What are the four functions of roots?

Answer 1

Anchor plant to ground
Absorption of minerals and water
Store food materials
Interaction with beneficial microorganisms

Question 2

Radicle

Answer 2

embryonic root

Question 3

RAM

Answer 3

Root apical meristem

Question 4

Lateral roots develop from _________

Answer 4

new RAMs

Question 5

Two types of root systems

Answer 5

Taproot system

Fibrous roots system

Question 6

Taproot system

Answer 6

first formed root is WIDEST and LONGEST. DICOTS

Question 7

Fibrous root system

Answer 7

Roots are of EQUAL WIDTH. MONOCOTS

Question 8

Four zones of the root

Answer 8

Rootcap, cell division zone, cell elongation zone, maturation zone

Question 9

Rootcap

Answer 9

protection for root - mucigel. involved in gravity sensing

Question 10

Cell division zone

Answer 10

includes RAM and immediate progeny

Question 11

Cell elongation zone

Answer 11

drives elongation of the root

Question 12

Maturation zone

Answer 12

root hairs

Question 13

Mucigel

Answer 13

complex polysaccharide produced in root caps (epidermal cells)

Question 14

Functions of mucigel

Answer 14

prevents desiccation
lubrication allows efficient soil penetration
creates symbiotic environment
provides a diffusion bridge for uptake of water

Question 15

Gravitropism

Answer 15

sensing in rootcap

Question 16

Root Apical Meristem

Answer 16

area of root which contains dividing cells

contains relatively inactive region, the quiescent center

Question 17

Quiescent center

Answer 17

inactive region of RAM

Question 18

Root epidermis

Answer 18

absorbs water and nutrients

facilitated by root hairs

Question 19

Root hairs

Answer 19

epidermal outgrowths - absorb water and minerals. increase surface area. OUTGROW OF ONE CELL

Question 20

Water and minerals are absorbed by _______ _______

Answer 20

root hairs

Question 21

Water and minerals move from root hair to ______

Answer 21

Xylem

Question 22

Cortex

Answer 22

forms majority of root tissue. contains amyloplast to store starch and endodermis

Question 23

Endodermis

Answer 23

contains casparian strips in cell walls/hydrophobic barrier along vasculature (suberin and/or lignin)
restricts flow of solutes

Question 24

Capserian strip

Answer 24

forces material into cells of the endodermis in order to get into the vascular system

Question 25

Primary vascular tissue

Answer 25

xylem and phloem

continuous with vasculature of stem

Question 26

Pericycle

Answer 26

surrounds vascular tissue
site of lateral root formation
Contributes vascular cambium during secondary growth

Question 27

Vascular tissues in roots

Answer 27

SIDE BY SIDE. not in bundles. In center of root

Question 28

Secondary growth in roots

Answer 28

in perennial and biennial plants
increase in width rather than length
woody roots can survive freezing

Question 29

Lateral roots

Answer 29

arise in pericycle from new RAMs

originate in mature root tissues

Question 30

New RAMs form… (3)

Answer 30

1. deep in root
2. away from the main RAM
3. not directly form main RAM

Question 31

Adventitious roots

Answer 31

form on organs other than roots

Question 32

Aerial and air roots

Answer 32

form above ground

Question 33

Prop roots

Answer 33

aerial root

Question 34

Pneumatophores

Answer 34

provide aeration (air roots)

Question 35

Epiphytic orchids

Answer 35

live in trees without soil (have aerial roots with specialized epidermi). Photosynthetic