Roots Flashcards

(35 cards)

1
Q

What are the four functions of roots?

A

Anchor plant to ground
Absorption of minerals and water
Store food materials
Interaction with beneficial microorganisms

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2
Q

Radicle

A

embryonic root

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3
Q

RAM

A

Root apical meristem

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4
Q

Lateral roots develop from _________

A

new RAMs

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5
Q

Two types of root systems

A

Taproot system

Fibrous roots system

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6
Q

Taproot system

A

first formed root is WIDEST and LONGEST. DICOTS

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7
Q

Fibrous root system

A

Roots are of EQUAL WIDTH. MONOCOTS

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8
Q

Four zones of the root

A

Rootcap, cell division zone, cell elongation zone, maturation zone

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9
Q

Rootcap

A

protection for root - mucigel. involved in gravity sensing

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10
Q

Cell division zone

A

includes RAM and immediate progeny

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11
Q

Cell elongation zone

A

drives elongation of the root

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12
Q

Maturation zone

A

root hairs

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13
Q

Mucigel

A

complex polysaccharide produced in root caps (epidermal cells)

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14
Q

Functions of mucigel

A

prevents desiccation
lubrication allows efficient soil penetration
creates symbiotic environment
provides a diffusion bridge for uptake of water

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15
Q

Gravitropism

A

sensing in rootcap

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16
Q

Root Apical Meristem

A

area of root which contains dividing cells

contains relatively inactive region, the quiescent center

17
Q

Quiescent center

A

inactive region of RAM

18
Q

Root epidermis

A

absorbs water and nutrients

facilitated by root hairs

19
Q

Root hairs

A

epidermal outgrowths - absorb water and minerals. increase surface area. OUTGROW OF ONE CELL

20
Q

Water and minerals are absorbed by _______ _______

21
Q

Water and minerals move from root hair to ______

22
Q

Cortex

A

forms majority of root tissue. contains amyloplast to store starch and endodermis

23
Q

Endodermis

A

contains casparian strips in cell walls/hydrophobic barrier along vasculature (suberin and/or lignin)
restricts flow of solutes

24
Q

Capserian strip

A

forces material into cells of the endodermis in order to get into the vascular system

25
Primary vascular tissue
xylem and phloem | continuous with vasculature of stem
26
Pericycle
surrounds vascular tissue site of lateral root formation Contributes vascular cambium during secondary growth
27
Vascular tissues in roots
SIDE BY SIDE. not in bundles. In center of root
28
Secondary growth in roots
in perennial and biennial plants increase in width rather than length woody roots can survive freezing
29
Lateral roots
arise in pericycle from new RAMs | originate in mature root tissues
30
New RAMs form... (3)
1. deep in root 2. away from the main RAM 3. not directly form main RAM
31
Adventitious roots
form on organs other than roots
32
Aerial and air roots
form above ground
33
Prop roots
aerial root
34
Pneumatophores
provide aeration (air roots)
35
Epiphytic orchids
live in trees without soil (have aerial roots with specialized epidermi). Photosynthetic