ROTC Chapter 2

Question 1

Battle of Mactan (April 27, 1521)

Answer 1

Lapu-lapu defeated Christian European explorers led by the Portuguese navigator, Ferdinand Magellan.

Question 2

PHILIPPINE REVOLTS DURING THE SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD (1521–1898)

Answer 2

goal of re-establishing the rights and powers that had traditionally belonged to Lumad Timueys, Maginoo Rajah and Moro Datus.

land problem and this was largely the cause of the insurrections that transpired in the agricultural provinces of Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite, and Laguna

unjust taxation and forced labor.

Question 3

DAGAMI REVOLT (1565–1567)

Answer 3

assasinations of Spanish Soldiers

group ambushed Pedro de Arana, who was an aide to Miguel López de Legazpi, the Spanish Governor of the Philippines.

Legazpi finally summoned the local datus and forced them to identify who the culprits were after two more Spaniards died of poisoning.

Question 4

LAKANDULA AND SULAYMAN REVOLT (1574)

Answer 4

Tagalog Revolt

Miguel Lopez de Legazpi reneged on his side of the deal. In exchange for accepting Spanish sovereignty, Legazpi promised that Soliman and Lakandula (and their subjects) would retain some of their local authority, be exempted from paying tribute, and be treated fairly

Question 5

PAMPANGA REVOLT (1585)

Answer 5

Native Kapampangan leaders who resented the
Spanish landowners, or encomenderos who had deprived them of their historical land inheritances as tribal chiefs or Datus.

Question 6

CONSPIRACY OF THE MAHARLIKAS (1587–1588)

Answer 6

Tondo Conspiracy

a plot by the kin-related noblemen, or datus, of Manila and some towns of Bulacan and Pampanga.

led by Agustin Legazpi, nephew of lakandula

Question 7

REVOLTS AGAINST THE TRIBUTE (1589)

Answer 7

alleged abuses by the tax collectors, including the collection of high taxes

rebelled pardoned

Philippine tax system reformed

Question 8

MAGALAT REVOLT (1596)

Answer 8

inciting rebellion against the Spanish

committed atrocities against his fellow natives for refusing to rise up against the Spaniards

Question 9

IGOROT REVOLT (1601)

Answer 9

convince the Igorots to convert peacefully to Catholicism

Question 10

THE CHINESE REVOLT (1603)

Answer 10

at least 30,000 Chinese merchants were slaughtered and in Luzon Chinese officials and civilians were killed without authority

Question 11

CAQUENGA’S REVOLT (1607)

Answer 11

rebelled against the coming of the Catholic Church

Caquenga became a slave

her followers burned a catholic church

one rebellion discrete an image of the virgin mary (executed)

Question 12

TAMBLOT REVOLT (1621–1622)

Answer 12

Tamblot Uprising

Jesuits first came to Bohol in 1596 and eventually governed the island and converted the
Boholanos to the Catholic faith

revolt began on the day when the Jesuits were in Cebu, celebrating the feast day of St. Francis Xavier.

finally crushed on New Year’s Day

Question 13

BANKAW (BANCAO) REVOLT (1621–1622)

Answer 13

built a temple for a diwata or local goddess, and pressed six towns to rise up in revolt

Pagali used magic to attract followers, and claimed that they could turn the Spaniards into clay by hurling bits of earth at them

bancao’s head (bamboo stick)

1st recorded uprising against foreign colonization

Question 14

ITNEG REVOLT (1625–1627)

Answer 14

Mandaya Revolt

convert the Itneg people to Christianity

Garcia’s body into pieces, they fed his flesh to a herd of pigs

desecrate Catholic images, set fire to the local churches, and escape with them to the mountain

destroyed farms and other sources of food to starve the Itnegs, and forced them to surrender

Question 15

LADIA REVOLT (1643)

Answer 15

his land was confiscated by the Spanish

thought that it was about time that they stage an uprising and put himself as King of the Tagalogs

Question 16

SUMUROY REVOLT (1649–1650)

Answer 16

polo y servicio or forced labor system being undertaken in Samar

Question 17

MANIAGO/PAMPANGA REVOLT (1660–1661)

Answer 17

bore the burden of more tribute, forced labor, and rice exploitation.

made to work for eight months under unfair conditions and were not paid for their labor and for the rice purchased from them.

patience was put to the limit and they signified their intention to revolt by setting their campsite on fire

spanish busy fighting with the Dutch

Question 18

MALONG REVOLT (1660–1661)

Answer 18

assisted many Spaniards in governing different towns in Pangasinan, and as such, had learned and was trained to use force and cruelty

hoped of being the King of Pangasinan

Question 19

ALMAZAN REVOLT (JANUARY 1661)

Answer 19

part of the chain to the Malong Revolt

letters sent by Don Andres Malong (“King of
Pangasinan”) narrating the defeat of the Spaniards in his area and urging other provinces to rise in arms failed to obtain any support among the natives

Pedro Almazan proclaimed himself “King of Ilocos”

son which the Ilocanos proclaimed their prince

Question 20

CHINESE REVOLT (1662)

Answer 20

garrisons around Manila were reinforced

invasion did not materialize, but many locals massacred hundreds of Chinese in Manila

Question 21

PANAY REVOLT (1663)

Answer 21

establish a religious cult in Oton

attracted some followers with his stories about his
frequent conversations with a demon

their corpses were impaled on sticks.

Question 22

ZAMBAL REVOLT (1681–1683)

Answer 22

group of chieftains from Zambales had refused to accept the authority of the Crown over their realm and staged a revolt

Question 23

AGRARIAN REVOLT (1745)

Answer 23

Indigenous landowners rose in arms over the land grabbing of Spanish friars or Catholic religious orders, with native landowners demanding that Spanish priests return their lands on the basis of ancestral domain

The refusal of the Spanish priests resulted in much rioting, resulting in massive looting of convents and arson of churches and ranches

no land being returned to native landowners.

Question 24

DAGOHOY REBELLION (1744–1825)

Answer 24

unique since it is the only revolt completely
related to matters of religious customs

After a duel in which Dagohoy’s brother died, the local parish priest refused to give his brother a proper Catholic burial, since dueling is a mortal sin

longest revolt ever held in Philippine history: 85

establishment of a free Boholano government

Question 25

SILANG REVOLT (1762–1763)

Answer 25

one of the most famous revolts in Philippine history

took place during the British invasion of Manila

Diego Silang declared the independence of Ilocandia, naming the state “Free Ilocos” and proclaimed Vigan the capital of this newly independent state.

“Joan of Arc of the Ilocos”

Question 26

PALARIS REVOLT (1762–1764)

Answer 26

During the British Invasion of the Philippines during the Seven Years’ War

principalia of Binalatongan protested the abuses committed by the provincial governor

Spanish colonial government had to deal with the British invaders and the simultaneous Silang Revolt

Palaris commanded 10,000 men. He was also in communication with Silang, with whom he was
coordinating a bigger offensive against the Spanish

ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris.

Spanish friars, who were allowed to stay in the province, also started a campaign to persuade Pangasinan residents of the futility of the Palaris Revolt

Question 27

BASI REVOLT (1807)

Answer 27

Ambaristo Revolt

unique as it revolves around the Ilocanos’ love for basi, or sugarcane wine

Spanish colonial government expropriated the manufacture and sale of basi, effectively banning private manufacture of the wine

wine-loving Ilocanos in Piddig rose in revolt

Question 28

NOVALES REVOLT (1823)

Answer 28

discontented with the way Spanish authorities treated the Criollo people

many military officers and public officials were exiled

Novales, who was exiled to Mindanao to fight the Moro. However, Novales was not stopped to secretly return to Manila

Mariano received a monthly pension of ₱14, but went mad after the execution

Question 29

PALMERO CONSPIRACY (1828)

Answer 29

failed plot to overthrow the Spanish colonial government in the Philippines

Spanish government suppressed further information on this conspiracy

became worse when public officials, mainly provincial governors, were also being replaced by Peninsulares. In the same year, two Palmero brothers, members of a prominent clan in the Philippines, along with other people from both the military and the civil service, planned to seize the government

plot itself would embarrass the government since the conspirators were Spaniards themselves and it would seem that Spaniards themselves would want to overthrow the power of Spain in the country

Question 30

PULE REVOLT (1840–1841)

Answer 30

One of the most famous religious revolts

“Hermano Pule”. De la Cruz started his own religious order, the Confraternity of Saint Joseph

there were two types of priests in the Philippines then: secular priests, or parish priests, which were usually
Indio, and religious priests, or convent priests, which were usually Spanish

Spanish government banned the new order, especially due to its deviation from original Catholic rituals and
teachings

Question 31

FLAG OF THE 1872 CAVITE MUTINY

Answer 31

uprising of military personnel of Fort San Felipe

Around 200 soldiers and laborers rose up in the belief that it would elevate to a national uprising

Most of these revolts failed because the majority of the local population sided up with the well-armed colonial government and fight with Spanish as foot soldiers to put down the revolting parties

ABSENCE OF NATIONAL LEADER, LUKEWARM SPIRIT OF NATIONALISM and INADEQUATE TRAINING AND PREPARATION FOR WARFARE contributed much on the failure of the revolts