Routes Of Drug Administration Flashcards
(81 cards)
What is Non-proprietary name?
approved name (post-phase III trial), official name (listed in pharmacopeia), or generic name (off-patent) such as acetaminophen
……. Is an approved name (post-
phase III trial), official name (listed in
pharmacopeia), or generic name (off-patent) such as acetaminophen
Non-proprietary name
What is Proprietary (trade) name?
the brand name or registered trademark (e.g. panadol)
………. is the brand name or registered trademark (e.g. panadol)
Proprietary (trade) name
About phases of clinical trial, What is Pre-clinical?
testing a drug in a controlled environment (lab) on animal or human cells before human testing to discern the pharmacokinetic and toxicological profile
About phases of clinical trial, ……….. is testing a drug in a controlled environment (lab) on animal or human cells before human testing to discern the pharmacokinetic and toxicological profile
Pre-clinical
About the Phases of Clinical Drug Testing, what happens in Phase I?
first administration to healthy human volunteers, following animal studies; to determine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
About the Phases of Clinical Drug Testing, “first administration to healthy human volunteers, following animal studies; to determine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics” happens in what phase?
Phase I
About the Phases of Clinical Drug Testing, what is phase 2?
first administration to patients, to
determine initial safety and efficacy, dose range, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
About the Phases of Clinical Drug Testing, “first administration to patients, to
determine initial safety and efficacy, dose range, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics” occurs in what phase?
Phase 2
About the Phases of Clinical Drug Testing, what happens in Phase III?
large sample sizes, often double-
blinded RCT; comparative (new drug vs. placebo or standard of care) to establish safety and efficacy
About the Phases of Clinical Drug Testing, “large sample sizes, often double-blinded RCT; comparative (new drug vs. placebo or standard of care) to establish safety and efficacy” happens a in what phase?
large sample sizes, often double-
blinded RCT; comparative (new drug vs. placebo or standard of care) to establish safety and efficacy
About the Phases of Clinical Drug Testing, what happens in Phase IV?
post marketing surveillance, wide
distribution; to determine effects of long-term use, rare ADRs, ideal dosing, and effects in real-world practice
About the Phases of Clinical Drug Testing, “post marketing surveillance, wide
distribution; to determine effects of long-term use, rare ADRs, ideal dosing, and effects in real-world practice” happens in what phase?
Phase IV
What are the advantages of oral flu of administration?
Convenient, easy to administer, Large surface area for absorption, Inexpensive relative to parenteral administration
What are the disadvantages of oral route of administration?
Incomplete absorption, hepatic first-pass effect, potential GI irritation
What are the advantages of buccal/sublingual route of administration?
Rapid onset of action, No hepatic first-pass effect
What are the disadvantages of buccal/sublingual route of administration?
Must be lipid-soluble, non-irritating, Short duration of action
What is the rectal (PR) route of drug administration?
The drug is placed in the rectum, e.g., suppositories or bisacodyl laxatives.
What are the advantages of rectal administration?
Almost no hepatic first-pass effect; useful in NPO (nil per oral), vomiting, or unconscious patients.
What are the disadvantages of rectal administration?
Inconvenient, may cause irritation at the site, and has erratic absorption.
What is the intravenous or intra-arterial route of drug administration?
Drugs are administered directly into the vein or artery, e.g., furosemide, morphine, dopamine, IV fluids.
What are the advantages of IV/intra-arterial administration?
No first-pass effect, allows slow infusion or rapid onset, and is easy to titrate the dose.
What are the disadvantages of IV/intra-arterial administration?
Hard to reverse, risk of infection, bleeding, vascular injury, extravasation, and it’s expensive.
