Routine Procedures

Question 1

Routine Procedures

Answer 1

A. Receiving (Accessioning)
B. Gross Examination
C. Fixation
D. Decalcification
E. Dehydration
F. Clearing
G. Infiltration
H. Embedding
I. Cutting/Sectioning
J. Staining
K. Mounting

Question 2

RECEIVING (ACCESSIONING) encompasses:

Answer 2

Checking of Labels

Serial Numbers Are Assigned

Question 3

Details of the label include the ff. details about the patient:

Answer 3

1. Name
2. Age
3. Sex
4. Clinical data
5. Surgical findings
6. Nature of operation
7. Name of tissues submitted

Question 4

example of a specific sequence of serial numbers assigned to a the 1st sample taken in the year 2023.

Answer 4

SP2023001

Question 5

are assigned to each of the sample in order to avoid interchanging of samples.

Answer 5

Special/unique numbers (serial numbers)

Question 6

What to do if naka receive ng specimen na hindi naka formalin?

Answer 6

Ask if the specimen is subjected for:

biopsy or
culture and sensitivity

Question 7

SP-24-001

Answer 7

Surgical pathology/ biopsy

Yr 2024

1st patient of yr 2024

Question 8

Specimens processed in histopath are kept/ stored for how many years?

Answer 8

10 yrs

Question 9

What is used for labeling?

Answer 9

Pencil

Question 10

Histopath worksheet includes the

Answer 10

Gross description

Question 11

a description of what tissue taken during a biopsy looks like without using a microscope

Answer 11

Gross description

Question 12

SCO

Answer 12

Specimen Consists Of

Question 13

Example of Gross description

Answer 13

SCO Tan-brown appendix measuring 8 x 0.5 x 0.5 cm

Question 14

• The sample received is described in detail.

Answer 14

GROSS EXAMINATION

Question 15

GROSS EXAMINATION is performed by a

Answer 15

Pathologist

Question 16

In gross examination, macroscopic characteristics are noted such as:

Answer 16

Color
Size
Texture
Consistency, etc.

Question 17

are usually taken from the parts of the specimen that exhibit abnormalities.

Answer 17

representative sections

Question 18

Specimens are cut into representative sections about ____ and not more than____ in thickness.

Answer 18

2cm^2

4 mm

Question 19

When is the initial fixation?

Answer 19

During/ after collection of specimen

Question 20

Reagent in fixation

Answer 20

Formalin

Question 21

terminate any on-going biochemical reactions, which occurs as the tissue starts to decay.

Answer 21

Fixatives

Question 22

is essentially performed to protect tissues from decay (in order to prevent autolysis & putrefaction) & maintain the tissue in its fresh state.

Answer 22

Fixation

Question 23

Reagent in decalcification

Answer 23

Nitric acid

Question 24

Decalcification involves removal of_____ deposits (essential for good embedding) present in hardened tissues in order to soften the tissue for cutting/sectioning.

Answer 24

calcium

Question 25

Decalcification is done on what specimens?

Answer 25

1. Bone. 2. Teeth. 3. Cartilage. 4. Arteries w/ atherosclerotic plaque formation.

Question 26

is caused by the deposition of cholesterol on the walls or the lumen of the arteries.

Answer 26

Atherosclerotic plaque formation

Question 27

Reagent in dehydration

Answer 27

Ethanol in increasing concentrations

Question 28

This process is commonly carried out by immersing specimens in a series of ethanol (alcohol) solutions of increasing concentration until pure, water-free alcohol is reached.

Answer 28

Dehydration

Question 29

this step is necessary to prepare the tissue for embedding in non-aqueous media like paraffin.

Answer 29

Dehydration

Question 30

After fixation, the tissue must be dehydrated to allow for complete penetration of the tissue by the paraffin wax. Since wax is not soluble in water, but is soluble in_____, the water in the tissue must be replaced with ____

Answer 30

xylene

Question 31

functions to remove water from tissues.

Answer 31

Alcohol

Question 32

Involves increasing concentrations of hydrophilic (water-miscible) fluids, which dilutes & eventually replaces free water in the tissues.

Answer 32

Dehydration

Question 33

Dehydration has to undergo tedious process (increasing concentrations of ethanol) in order to_______ in order to preserve the__________ of the organ as it was removed from the human body.

Answer 33

minimize tissue distortion morphology and appearance

Question 34

Reagent in clearing

Answer 34

Xylene & Toluene

Question 35

Principle of dehydration

Answer 35

Remove water (makadaot the tissue)

Question 36

Principle of clearing

Answer 36

Remove excess alcohol

Question 37

Clearing aka

Answer 37

Dealcoholization

Question 38

Clearing is a transition step between

Answer 38

dehydration & infiltration

Question 39

It utilizes a reagent that must be miscible with dehydrating & infiltrating agents.

Answer 39

Clearing

Question 40

reagent that is miscible with dehydrating & infiltrating agents.

Answer 40

Xylene

Question 41

The term "_____" arises from the ability of some solvents with high refractive indices to render anhydrous tissues transparent or clear.

Answer 41

clearing

Question 42

Referred to as "____" because the infiltration of the reagents used here gives the tissue a translucent appearance; thus, resulting in a fully cleared tissue

Answer 42

clearing

Question 43

Reagent in infiltration

Answer 43

Melted Paraffin wax

Question 44

Involves the removal of the excess clearing agent from the tissues & replaces it with a medium that will fill the natural cavities, spaces, & interstices of the tissues.

Answer 44

Infiltration

Question 45

Provides the tissues with a firm consistency, thus resulting in better handling & cutting of the tissue sections.

Answer 45

Infiltration

Question 46

Principle in embedding

Answer 46

Produce a tissue block

Question 47

Reagent in embedding

Answer 47

Melted paraffin wax

Question 48

Embedding aka

Answer 48

Casting or blocking

Question 49

is done by placing the infiltrated tissue, in a precisely arranged position, in a mold containing a medium which is allowed to solidify.

Answer 49

Embedding

Question 50

Equipment used in sectioning

Answer 50

Microtome

Question 51

Involves cutting of the embedded tissues into uniformly thin slices using the microtome.

Answer 51

Cutting/ sectioning

Question 52

Ano tung i scoop and section sa water. Done before staining

Answer 52

Fish out

Question 53

After i fish out, unsay sunod?

Answer 53

Deparaffinization

Question 54

Equipment used for deparaffinization

Answer 54

Oven

Question 55

Reagent in staining

Answer 55

Hematoxylin & Eosin

Question 56

______ imparts blue to purple colors; whereas_____ imparts pink to red colors.

Answer 56

hematoxylin eosin

Question 57

is a basic dye; hence, it will stain the acidic portions of the cell (usually stains the nucleus & RNA-containing portions of the cytoplasm).

Answer 57

Hematoxylin

Question 58

is an acidic dye; hence, it will stain the basic portions of the cell (usually stains the cytoplasmic structures, proteins, & collagen).

Answer 58

Eosin

Question 59

is the process of adding colors or dyes to the thin tissue slices for enhanced visualization & differentiation of cellular structures.

Answer 59

Staining

Question 60

• Involves protecting the tissue sections from physical damage by coating it with a transparent medium then covering it with a glass slip.

Answer 60

MOUNTING

Question 61

MOUNTING • Involves protecting the tissue sections from physical damage by coating it with a transparent medium then covering it with a______

Answer 61

glass slip

Question 62

TAHBSO

Answer 62

Total Abdominal Hysterectomy and Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy