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British Experience of Warfare > Royal Navy encounters (1793-1805) > Flashcards

Royal Navy encounters (1793-1805) Flashcards

(100 cards)

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1
Q

who seized Toulon in 1793?

A

Admiral Hood

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2
Q

who was the head of the RN Med fleet in 1793?

A

Samuel Hood

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3
Q

what was the Siege of Toulon?

A

Anglo-Spanish hold of the French town Toulon

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4
Q

what was the outcome of the Seize of Toulon?

A

Napoleon kicked the allied forces out of Toulon and frees the city at the expense of his French fleet

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5
Q

when was the Glorious First of June?

A

1st June 1794

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6
Q

what did the French convoy carry on the Glorious First of June?

A

grain from America

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7
Q

why were French vessels carrying grain?

A

there was a famine happening in mainland France

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8
Q

who was the British commander of the fleet which was used on the Glorious First of June?

A

Richard Howe

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9
Q

what unconventional tactic did Howe use to destroy the French escort on the Glorious First of June?

A

he ordered ships to attack close to the French vessels to inflict major damage to the French fleet

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10
Q

why was the Glorious First of June a strategic victory for the French?

A

the French managed to get most of their grain convoy to France

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11
Q

why was the Glorious First of June a victory for the British?

A

the British removed French naval control over the Atlantic allowing the British to maintain a blockade for the rest of the war

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12
Q

how many French grain ships were sunk?

A

7

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13
Q

how many French captured on the Glorious First of June?

A

7,000

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14
Q

who took command of the Med fleet in 1795?

A

Sir John Jervis

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15
Q

what did Jervis change in the Navy?

A

enforced discipline and order in the RN

introduced standing orders to prevent mutinies

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16
Q

when did Holland and Spain join the French?

A

1796

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17
Q

what war did the British participate in in 1796?

A

Anglo-Spanish war

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18
Q

why did the Spanish join the French in 1796?

A

they were invaded by French forces

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19
Q

how many ships of the line were used by the British in the Anglo-Spanish war?

A

15 ships of the line

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20
Q

how many ships of the line were used by the Spanish in the Anglo-Spanish war?

A

27

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21
Q

why were the British forced to retreat in 1797?

A

they were heavily outnumbered

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22
Q

when was the Battle of Cape St Vincent?

A

February 1797

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23
Q

who was in charge of the British fleet in the Battle of Cape St Vincent?

A

Sir Jervis

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24
Q

how large was the Spanish-French navy in the Battle of Cape St Vincent?

A

38

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25
what was the outcome of the Battle of Cape St Vincent?
British victory despite being outnumbered
26
what was Nelson's ship name in the Battle of Cape St Vincent?
HMS Captain
27
what were Nelson's contribution to British victory in the Battle of Cape St Vincent?
he broke from Jervis's formation and attacked the Spanish fleet thus going against Jervis' orders
28
which Spanish ships did Nelson take in the Battle of Cape St Vincent?
San Nicolas San Josef
29
what did Nelson shout when taking the Spanish ships in the Battle of Cape St Vincent?
Westminster Abbey or glorious victory!
30
how did Jervis deal with Nelson after the Battle of Cape St Vincent?
he did not reprimand him for breaking his orders he liked Nelson as a commander Nelson was instead promoted to rear-admiral
31
in what ways did Nelson act as a commander?
he believed in gunnery boldness trained his men to fire faster use of the marines to board enemy ships
32
when was the Battle of Camperdown?
October 1797
33
who did the British fight in the Battle of Camperdown?
the Dutch
34
how many ships of the line did the British have in the Battle of Camperdown?
16
35
how many ships of the line did the Dutch have in the Battle of Camperdown?
15
36
why did the Dutch join the French Republic?
the Dutch Republic was taken over by the French and became the Batavian Republic
37
why was the British Channel fleet paralysed?
the Spithead and Nore mutinies in 1797?
38
what was the Spithead mutiny?
16 ships in Portsmouth protested against the working conditions aboard RN vessels
39
what did the ships in Portsmouth demand?
a pay rise sickness compensation more land leave
40
what was the result of the Spithead mutiny?
nothing came of it minor arguments broke out all mutineers were given a royal pardon
41
what was the Nore mutiny?
20 ships of in Thames were taken over by their sailors they blockaded London by preventing merchant ships from leaving
42
what did the ships in Nore demand?
pardons increased pay peace with France parliament to dissolve
43
what was the result of the Nore mutiny?
captains of the ships managed to convince their crew to return control of their ship and managed to escape thus ending the mutiny 29 mutineers were hung and 29 imprisoned
44
why did the French push the Dutch to attack the British fleet?
they saw the mutinies as the British fleet weakening and saw it as an opportunity to damage them
45
why was the RN a major problem for Napoleon's plans?
prevented an French invasion of Britain the RN prevented any chance of French naval domination
46
why was the Med important to Napoleon?
he wanted to expand into Africa by first defeating the rulers of Egypt
47
when was the Battle of the Nile?
August 1798
48
how many battleships did Napolean head to Egypt with?
13
49
how many ships of the line did Nelson take to Egypt?
11
50
when did Nelson arrive in Alexandria?
29 June
51
when did Napolean arrive in Alexandria?
1 July
52
what was the largest French ship in the Battle of the Nile?
the Orient
53
how many guns did the Orient have?
120 guns
54
where did Nelson find the French fleet in Egypt?
Aboukir Bay
55
how did Nelson go against conventional naval tactics in the Battle of the Nile?
he ordered RN ships to go as close to the Orient as possible and attack from both sides of the ships
56
how many French ships escaped at the Battle of the Nile?
2
57
when did the RN take Malta?
1800
58
how many ships did the Baltic states have?
100 warships
59
why was the Baltic important to the British?
most of its naval stores came from there: - timber - pitch - tar - hemp
60
who was the Commander of the Baltic Fleet at the Battle of Copenhagen?
Sir Hyde Parker
61
who led the RN attack on Copenhagen?
Nelson
62
how many ships of the line did Nelson have for the Battle of Copenhagen?
11
63
what was a bomb vessel?
a ship that carried mortars which could fire heavy shells from sea
64
when was the Battle of Copenhagen?
April 1801
65
what was Nelsons’ role in the Battle of Copenhagen?
he ignored Parker’s order to stop the attack which dealt massive damage to the Danish navy and he was able to force a truce with the Danish king
66
what happened to Nelson after the Battle of Copenhagen?
he replaced Parker as Commander of the Baltic Fleet
67
how many Danish ships were sunk?
2
68
why did the RN not have to attack the Russian navy in the Baltic?
Alexander I became Tsar of Russia in 1802 and did nit want to fight a naval war with the British
69
what did St Vincent do to reform the Royal Dockyards?
he cancelled ship building contracts and dismissed hundreds of workers
70
what did St Vincent’s dockyard reforms lead to?
vital work in the dockyards stopped the RN was short on men, ships and supplies
71
when was the Treaty of Amiens signed?
March 1802
72
when did the European war recommence?
May 1803
73
who took command of the Med Fleet in 1803?
Nelson
74
what was Nelson’s flagship?
HMS Victory
75
how many guns did HMS Victory have?
100 guns
76
why was Nelson extremely popular with his subordinates?
they respected his courage and agression Nelson always openly shared his plans would share prize money with his captains
77
what was Nelson’s task with the Med Fleet?
to keep a watch on the French fleet in Toulon and to try to entice them out into open water he was positioned to stop any attempted French invasion of Britain, which could not happen as long as there was a RN presence
78
when did Spain ally with France?
1804
79
how many ships did the Spanish and French have together in 1804?
102 battleships
80
how many ships did the RN have in 1804?
83
81
who commanded the Toulon Fleet?
Villeneuve
82
what kind of leader was Villeneuve?
neither aggressive nor confident in himself and his fleet was afraid of Nelson and the RN
83
what was Napoleans’s plan to deal with Nelson’s blockade of Toulon?
he ordered Villeneuve to leave port, evade Nelson, then lure him across the Atlantic to the Carribean, lose him and hed back to Spain and join the invasion of Britain
84
when did Villeneuve’s fleet leave Toulon?
April 1805
85
where was Villeneuve intercepted by the RN?
Cape Finisterre
86
who intercepted Villeneuve’s fleet?
Sir Robert Calder
87
why had Napoleon’s plan failed?
Villeneuve had managed to escape from Calder but instead of sailing North to rejoin the French fleet at Boulogne, he headed South to Cadiz
88
when did Nelson return to Britain?
August 1805
89
when did Villeneuve leave Cadiz?
19 October 1805
90
how large was Nelson's fleet at the Battle of Trafalgar?
27 battleships
91
how large was Villeneuve's fleet at the Battle of Trafalgar?
33 battleships
92
when was the Battle of Trafalgar?
21 October 1805
93
what formation did Nelson's fleet take at Trafalgar?
2 columns
94
who led the second column at Trafalgar?
Collingwood w/ the Royal Sovereign
95
when did Nelson die?
16:30
96
how many French ships escaped?
11 with only 5 deemed seaworthy
97
how many British died at Trafalgar?
459
98
how many French died at Trafalgar?
2218
99
what was the result of the Battle of Trafalgar?
Britain took complete control of the waves
100
what manoeuvre did Nelson commit to during the Battle of Trafalgar?
he pushed the Redoutable aside to separate the French fleet to make it easier for the rest of the fleet to attack CROSSING THE T

British Experience of Warfare (27 decks)

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